Case: case
| Values: | Abl | Acc | Dat | Gen | Loc | Nom | Prl |
Case is an inflectional feature for nouns, pronouns, determiners, adjectives, numerals, and adpositions in Tundra Nenets.
Tundra Nenets has 7 inflectional cases.
Acc: accusative
In Tundra Nenets, accusative marks the direct object of transitive verbs in main and embedded clauses.
Examples
- [yrk] яхамʼ пулʼ нимня мадав “I crossed the river on the bridge”
Abl: ablative
The ablative case expresses direction away from or out of something or somebody; the beginning of a period of time; cause; source/origin; standard of comparison.
Examples
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[yrk] яхаʼ таркаʼ пыяхад тодоʼ яхаˮ сырӈадмʼ “From the headland at the fork I looked around.”
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[yrk] хубтахад хуни “He has been sleeping since morning”
Dat: dative
The dative case in Tundra Nenets expresses direction of movement; period of time; cause.
Examples
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[yrk] нёнда синʼ тэвывʼ “I arrived to its door.”
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[yrk] няхар ялян хантадм “I will go away for three days”
Gen: genitive
Genitive in Tundra Nenets marks the expression of a possessor; nominal modification; the object of postpositions; and the genitive of lexical nouns serves as the subject of nonfinite clauses.
Examples
- [yrk] махалэянда ниʼ танэйвˮ “I climbed up to its roof”
Loc: locative
The locative case expresses general location; location in time or circumstances; instrument; means of transportation; cause; comitative..
Examples
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[yrk] яхаʼ иканя халяˮ танявыˮ “There were fish in the river”
-
[yrk] тюку яляхана мань манзарадм “I will work today”
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[yrk] Иванхана то “He came with Ivan”
Nom: nominative
The nominative is morphologically unmarked. The subject of a finite clause, the subject of some non-finite clauses, pronominal possessor, adnominal modifier, and imperative object stay in the nominative case in Tundra Nenets.
Examples
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[yrk] марядʼ тяхана ты таня “There is a reindeer behind the fence.”
-
[yrk] ты хадаʼ “Kill a reindeer!”
Prl: prolative
The prolative case indicates a pathway through a three-dimensional or a two-dimensional space, and manner, cause, means, correlation.
Examples
- [yrk] тарка пыявна ӈадимядмʼ “I ended up on a headland along the fork of the river.”
Case in other languages: [am] [apu] [arr] [bej] [bg] [cs] [ctn] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [ga] [gn] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [ka] [kmr] [koi] [kpv] [ky] [mdf] [myu] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [pcm] [ps] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [uz] [xcl] [xmf] [yrk]