Case: case
Abs: absolutive
The absolutive case marks subject of intransitive verb and direct object of transitive verb.
Examples
- [ess] Afsengaq neghtuq pagunghaghmeng. “A mouse ate crowberries.”
- [ess] Yugem walguyaagkek iflaak.. “She lost the man’s snow shoes.”
Erg: ergative
The ergative case marks subject of transitive verb.
Examples
- [ess] Qikmima apeghtughisteka qilugaqaa. “My dog is barking at my teacher.”
Abl: ablative-modalis
The ablative-modalis case is used for an object of an intransitive verb (an indefinite object). In addition, this case expresses direction from one place or time to another.
Examples
- [ess] Uupameng esghaatut. “They saw sea peaches.”
- [ess] Naayvameng tagiiq yaywaali. “The orphan came from the lake.”
Gen: genitive
The genitive case denotes that the noun phrase somehow belongs to its governor.
Examples
- [ess] Nani esghaghsigu kaviighem riigtenga? “Where did you see the fox’s den?”
Voc: vocative
The vocative case is a special form of noun used to address someone.
Examples
- [ess] Kaanyuq, naten mayughlleqsin whavek? “Hey you down there, how will you come up here?”
Loc: locative
The locative case expresses location in space or time.
Examples
- [ess] Mekelghiighet naangat mangteghami qavaghaquq. “The boys’ mother is sleeping in the house.”
All: allative
The allative case expresses direction to something.
Examples
- [ess] Sangami Nome-emun aghviqaawa? “Why did he travel to Nome?”
Per: perlative
The perlative case denotes movement along something.
Examples
- [ess] Tengegkayuget sukalnguut nalugnaqut naayvam qaayngakun. “The fast plane is going to land on top of the lake.”
Equ: equative
The equative case makes a comparison as in “like X”. It is also used to indicate what language is being spoken.
Examples
- [ess] Neghtuq qikmitun “He ate like a dog.”
- [ess] Laluramka akuziiquq Yupigestun. “The white person is speaking in the Yupik language.”
Case in other languages: [am] [apu] [arr] [bej] [bg] [cs] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [ga] [gn] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [ka] [kmr] [koi] [kpv] [ky] [mdf] [myu] [myv] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj]