Case: case
| Values: | Abe | Abl | Acc | Apr | AprEgr | AprEla | AprIll | AprIne | AprPrl | AprTer | AprTra | Cns | Com | Cmp | Dat | Egr | Ela | Gen | Ill | Ine | Ins | Nom | Prl | Prp | Ter | Tra |
Case is an inflectional feature for nouns, pronouns, adjectives
and numerals in Komi-Zyrian.
Komi-Zyrian has 25 inflectional cases.
Acc: accusative
In Komi-Permyak the specifically marked accusatives mark direct objects of verbs. This tends to be the marking of direct objects high in the hierarchies of identifiability and animacy.
Examples
- [koi] Томмес менӧ озӧ вежӧртӧ “The young people don’t understand me”
Abl: ablative
The ablative case expresses possessor of object.
Examples
- [koi] босьті друглісь книгасӧ “I took a friend’s book”
Apr: approximative
The approximative case expresses general direction toward a place.
Examples
- [koi] Сія ӧвтыштіс мелань “He waved toward me”
AprEgr: approximative egressive
The approximative egressive case expresses from the general vicinity of a place.
Examples
- [koi] каисны карланьсянь “They came up from down towards town”
AprEla: approximative elative
The approximative elative case expresses departure from the general vicinity of a place.
Examples
- [koi] кутшӧмкӧ важ йӧз волӧма Важкуръяланьысь “some old group of people had apparently come from the direction of Vazhkuria”
AprIll: approximative illative
The approximative illative case expresses approach to the general vicinity of a place.
Examples
- [koi] инстинкт тшӧктӧ петны войвывланьӧ “instinct forces them to go on to the north”
AprIne: approximative inessive
The approximative inessive case expresses location in the general vicinity of a place.
Examples
- [koi] Коми муын, Пермакланьын, оліс вӧрын… ён морт Пера “In the land of the Komi, in the vicinity of Permak, in the forest, there dwelt a great man Pera”
AprPrl: approximative prolative
The approximative prolative case expresses passing by the general vicinity of a place.
Examples
- [koi] Тыдалӧ, асывланьтіыс мичаммӧ югыдкольквижӧн “You can see, along the eastern horizon it is becoming a beautiful light-yellow”
AprTer: approximative terminative
The approximative terminative case expresses reaching as far as the general vicinity of a place.
Examples
- [koi] Веськӧдчис тӧдса вӧрланьӧдз “He came as far as the vicinity of the well-known forest”
AprTra: approximative transitive
The approximative transitive case expresses going through the general vicinity of a place.
Examples
- [koi] Одыб сикт помланьӧд визувтысь Кирӧ шорсянь туй “The road from Kiro creek flowing along the end of Odyb village”
Abe: caritive
The caritive case corresponds to the English preposition without.
Examples
- [koi] сьӧмтӧг “without money”
Cmp: comparative
The comparative case corresponds to the English than as a marker of the standard of comparison.
Examples
- [koi] бӧрся “after”
Cns: consecultative
The consecultative case expresses acquisition, corresponding to the English preposition after.
Examples
- [koi] петіс вала “he went out after water”
Com: comitative / associative
The comitative (also called associative) case corresponds to English “together with …”
Examples
- [koi] понкӧт ветлыны “walk with a dog”
Dat: dative
The dative case expresses transfer to someone.
Examples
- [koi] Ныв гижис ёртыслӧ гижӧт “The girl wrote to her friend”
Egr: egressive
The egressive case expresses general locative source.
Examples
- [koi] гортсянь “from home”
Ela: elative
The elative case expresses direction out of something.
Examples
- [koi] гортісь петны “go out of the house”
Gen: genitive
Prototypical meaning of genitive is that the noun phrase somehow belongs to its governor; it would often be translated by the English preposition of. In Komi-Permyak the genitive can be used to mark the possessor of a non-direct object.
Examples
- [koi] Петялӧн ордчӧн олісьыс краситӧм йӧрсӧ. “Petya’s neighbor has painted the fence.”
Ill: illative
The illative case expresses direction into something.
Examples
- [koi] гортӧ пырны “go into the house”
Ine: inessive
The inessive case expresses location inside of something.
Examples
- [koi] гортын пукавны “sit at home”
Ins: instrumental
The instrumental case is affixed to the noun defining the entity used as an instrument to do something.
Examples
- [koi] киӧн босьтны “take with a hand”
- [koi] юрӧн ыджытджык “taller by a head”
Nom: nominative / direct
The base form of the noun, typically used as citation form (lemma).
Examples
- [koi] понйыс котралӧ “the dog is running”
Prl: prolative
The transitive case may indicate a pathway through a three-dimensional or a two-dimensional space. In the central dialects it is often distinguished from the transitive.
Examples
- [koi] туйӧт “along the road”
Prp: proprietive
The proprietive case is the ‘having’ case in <а>. It tends to be an adnominal case in range but may also occur in the predicative clause range.
Examples
- [koi] сьӧд тошока и гардчӧмкодь уссэза мужик \n “a man with a little black beard and mustache stubble”
Ter: terminative / terminal allative
The terminative case specifies where something ends in space or time. Similar case in Basque is called terminal allative (Spanish adlativo terminal).
Examples
- [koi] юӧдз мунны “go as far as the river”; квать часӧдз “till six o’clock”
Tra: transitive
The transitive case may indicate a point a path passes through in two-dimensional space. In the central dialects it is often distinguished from the prolative in nouns.
Examples
- [koi] таті “this way”
Case in other languages: [am] [apu] [arr] [bej] [bg] [cs] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [ga] [gn] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [ka] [kmr] [koi] [kpv] [ky] [mdf] [myu] [myv] [pcm] [ps] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [uz] [xcl]