Case: case
Case
Pomak is special among the southern slavic languages in that it retains four morphological cases of nouns, adjectives, passive participles and certain pronouns, namely the cases Nom, Gen, Acc και Voc. Cases are denoted with special morphology in both numbers (singular and plural) and in both the definite and non-definite forms of the aforementioned Parts of Speech. As in most languages, Pomak cases show a regular correlation with syntactic functions, for instance subjects are typically in the nominative case, direct objects in the accusative and possessors in the genitive case but this is only a strong tendency.
Nom: nominative
Examples
- kóštana je pakrýta sas tíkly “the house is roofed with tiles”
- déteno je sas rúso kóso “the boy is blond”
- hórehon je visók i debél “the walnut-tree is tall and has a thick trunk”
Gen: genitive
The genitive case is used to denote possessors. It also carries the functions of the dative case.
Examples
Possessors:
- kóštojne vratána so dórveny “the doors of the house are made of wood”
- détetune ačíne so zelény “τthe eyesof the child are green”
- hórehune sénkana je debéla “the shadow of the walnut-tree is deep”
With the functions of the dative, namely as an indirect object and as the complement of certain prepositions:
- kóštojne atvóriho póte isǽ skóra “only recenlty they opened the road to the house”
- détenune prevádot parý faf sǽko méseca “they send moneny to the child every month”
- hórehune púštot vódo čósto “they pour water to the walnut-tree often”
Acc: accusative
The accusative case is typically used for the direct object of verbs and the complement of prepositions.
Examples
- kóštono je padnavího isǽ skóra “the house they renovated recently”
- déteno go čúva bába mu “the grandmother looks after the child”
- hórehane go je sadíl dǽdo mu “the walnut-tree his grandfather planted”
Voc: vocative
The vocative case is typically used to address someone.
Examples
- žóno, mólem ti so, namój so mesí na mósky rábaty! “Woman, please, do not interfere in men’s affairs!”
- ah, bre déte, kaná ištǽšo da hódiš itám? “but my child, why should you go there?”
- tébe, Asáne, še to pójemom sas móne, da mi pamágaš “you Chasan, I am going to take with me to help me”
- kadé si, bre dúšo? - godíny tó som ne vídeval!_ “where have you been, my dearest? It is a very long time since I have seen you [lit: where are you, oh soul? years you [I] have not seen”
Case in other languages: [am] [apu] [arr] [bej] [bg] [cs] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [ga] [gn] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [ka] [kmr] [koi] [kpv] [ky] [mdf] [myu] [myv] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj]