Case: case
Bulgarian nouns have lost case inflection except for the occasional vocative (v). The cases are still alive in personal pronouns: nominative (n), accusative (a) and dative (d).
Accusative and dative cases are still present in the masculine, singular forms of some other pronouns – interrogative, indefinite, collective, relative, negative. Please note that the long dative forms are analytical and thus, only the accusative form is marked after the preposition ‘на’.
Voc: vocative
In Bulgarian only some nouns have special vocative forms (v):
Examples
- Иване, приятелю, Родино, Стефке / Ivane, priyatelyu, Rodino, Stefke (Ivan, friend, homeland, Stefka)
Nom: nominative
Examples
- тя / tja “she.NOM”
Dat: dative
Examples
- му / mu “him.DAT.SHORT”
In our tagset another idiosyncratic case has been marked – the so-called ‘dative possessive case’ (s). It refers to situations where the short possessive pronoun comes before its possessor noun and thus – next to the verb.
- Той ми взе шапката / Toj mi vze šapkata “He my.POSS took hat.DEF” (He took my hat.)
The canonical sentence would be: Той взе шапката ми / Toj vze šapkata mi “He took hat.DEF my.POSS” (He took my hat).
Acc: accusative
Examples
- нея, го / neja, go “her.ACC.LONG, him.ACC.SHORT”
- кого, някого, никого / kogo, njakogo, nikogo “whom, someone.ACC, nobody.ACC”
- на кого, на някого, на никого / na kogo, na njakogo, na nikogo “to whom, to someone.ACC, to nobody.ACC”
Case in other languages: [am] [apu] [arr] [bej] [bg] [cs] [eme] [en] [ess] [et] [fi] [ga] [gn] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [kmr] [koi] [kpv] [mdf] [myu] [myv] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj]