Case: case
| Values: | Nom | Gen | Dat | Loc |
In full noun phrases, Case is a lexical feature of the case-marking word or phrase, i.e., ADP. For pronouns (PRON), Case is their inflectional feature.
Nom: nominative
The nominative case corresponds to the subject of a clause regardless of voice (like in many European languages).
Examples
- [tl] Kumain si Diwa ng saging. “Diwa ate a banana.”
- [tl] Kumain siya nito. “She ate this.”
- [tl] Kinain ni Diwa ang saging. “A banana was eaten by Diwa.”
- [tl] Kinain niya ito. “This was eaten by her.”
Gen: genitive
The genitive case is used for non-subject core participants in a clause, and for modifiers of other nominals.
Examples
- [tl] Kumain si Diwa ng saging. “Diwa ate a banana.”
- [tl] Kumain siya nito. “She ate this.”
- [tl] Kinain ni Diwa ang saging. “A banana was eaten by Diwa.”
- [tl] Kinain </b>niya</b> ito. “This was eaten by her.”
- [tl] Nasaan ang kwarto ng magkapatid? “Where is the siblings’ room?”
- [tl] Nasaan ang kwarto mo? “Where is your room?”
Dat: dative
The dative case is oblique and may encompass various locative and directional meanings.
Examples
- [tl] Ipinahiram ni Diwa kay Himig ang suklay. “Diwa lent Himig the comb.”
- [fi] Ipinahiram ni Diwa sa kanya ang suklay. “Diwa lent her the comb.”
- [fi] Nasa ating mga kamay ang desisyon. “The decision is in our hands.”
Loc: locative
The locative case is used for obliques and nominal modifiers expressing location or direction.
Examples
- [tl] Pumunta kami sa tabing-dagat. “We went to the seashore.”
- [tl] Malaki ang pasasalamat namin sa kanila. “Our gratitude to them is immense.”
Case in other languages: [am] [apu] [arr] [bej] [bg] [cs] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [ga] [gn] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [ka] [kmr] [koi] [kpv] [ky] [mdf] [myu] [myv] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj]