This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
home fr/pos issue tracker

PRON: pronoun

Definition

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases. Their meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_French)

There are 81 PRON lemmas (0%), 152 PRON types (0%) and 18029 PRON tokens (4%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 9 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: il, se, qui, ce, elle, le, on, lui, que, où

The 10 most frequent PRON types: il, qui, se, s’, elle, on, c’, ils, lui, ce

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: il (PRON 4772, DET 2), se (PRON 2407, X 1), ce (DET 2226, PRON 977, SCONJ 2, X 1), le (DET 43244, PRON 882, PROPN 3), on (PRON 635, ADP 4, PROPN 1), que (SCONJ 2162, PRON 508, ADV 192, ADP 131), (PRON 382, ADV 19), un (DET 10158, PRON 316, NUM 58, NOUN 2, PROPN 1), en (ADP 5897, PRON 276, ADV 1), y (ADV 291, PRON 245, CONJ 3, X 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: se (PRON 1350, X 1, DET 1), s’ (PRON 986, SCONJ 49), on (PRON 402, ADP 4, PROPN 1, AUX 1), ce (DET 542, PRON 330, SCONJ 2, X 1), (PRON 374, ADV 13), le (DET 13837, PRON 287, PROPN 3), en (ADP 5106, PRON 275, ADV 1), qu’ (SCONJ 665, PRON 258, ADV 74, ADP 15), l’ (DET 6221, PRON 264, PART 154, PROPN 2), que (SCONJ 1485, PRON 234, ADV 117, ADP 115)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 1.876543 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.307036).

The 1st highest number of forms (14) was observed with the lemma “il”: -Tu, -elle, -elles, -il, -ils, Lui, elle, elles, il, ils, je, t-il, tu, Lui.

The 2nd highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “le”: -le, -nous, -vous, l’, la, le, les, nous, vous.

The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “lui”: -eux, -vous, Eux, leur, lui, nous, vous.

PRON occurs with 5 features: fr-feat/PronType (15505; 86% instances), fr-feat/Person (12575; 70% instances), fr-feat/Number (11666; 65% instances), fr-feat/Gender (7982; 44% instances), fr-feat/Reflex (103; 1% instances)

PRON occurs with 14 feature-value pairs: Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 59 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs (4052 tokens). Examples: il, le, -il, lui, l’, t-il, -le, se

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 26 different relations: fr-dep/nsubj (9574; 53% instances), fr-dep/dobj (3880; 22% instances), fr-dep/nmod (1750; 10% instances), fr-dep/iobj (817; 5% instances), fr-dep/nsubjpass (763; 4% instances), fr-dep/expl (382; 2% instances), fr-dep/appos (202; 1% instances), fr-dep/root (193; 1% instances), fr-dep/conj (175; 1% instances), fr-dep/advmod (115; 1% instances), fr-dep/mwe (62; 0% instances), fr-dep/case (21; 0% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (20; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (19; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (16; 0% instances), fr-dep/neg (9; 0% instances), fr-dep/advcl (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/det (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/dislocated (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/cc (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod:poss (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/reparandum (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 18 different parts of speech: VERB (14990; 83% instances), NOUN (1628; 9% instances), ADJ (646; 4% instances), PRON (259; 1% instances), ROOT (193; 1% instances), PROPN (164; 1% instances), ADP (39; 0% instances), NUM (39; 0% instances), ADV (37; 0% instances), SYM (10; 0% instances), INTJ (5; 0% instances), PART (4; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), X (4; 0% instances), AUX (3; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances)

15527 (86%) PRON nodes are leaves.

1583 (9%) PRON nodes have one child.

494 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

425 (2%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 11.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 31 different relations: fr-dep/case (1074; 24% instances), fr-dep/nmod (680; 15% instances), fr-dep/punct (423; 10% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (353; 8% instances), fr-dep/expl (299; 7% instances), fr-dep/acl (258; 6% instances), fr-dep/cop (227; 5% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (219; 5% instances), fr-dep/det (186; 4% instances), fr-dep/appos (124; 3% instances), fr-dep/conj (123; 3% instances), fr-dep/cc (104; 2% instances), fr-dep/advmod (94; 2% instances), fr-dep/amod (78; 2% instances), fr-dep/mwe (39; 1% instances), fr-dep/mark (35; 1% instances), fr-dep/advcl (20; 0% instances), fr-dep/neg (19; 0% instances), fr-dep/aux (9; 0% instances), fr-dep/nummod (6; 0% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/dep (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/iobj (5; 0% instances), fr-dep/goeswith (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/auxpass (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nsubjpass (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/reparandum (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: ADP (1050; 24% instances), VERB (864; 20% instances), NOUN (759; 17% instances), PUNCT (423; 10% instances), PRON (259; 6% instances), PART (258; 6% instances), DET (182; 4% instances), PROPN (172; 4% instances), ADV (170; 4% instances), CONJ (96; 2% instances), ADJ (95; 2% instances), NUM (30; 1% instances), SCONJ (26; 1% instances), AUX (10; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)


PRON in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]