xcomp: open clausal complement
An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a verb or an adjective is a predicative or clausal complement without its own subject. The reference of the subject is necessarily determined by an argument external to the xcomp (normally by the object of the next higher clause, if there is one, or else by the subject of the next higher clause). These complements are always non-finite, and they are complements (arguments of the higher verb or adjective) rather than adjuncts/modifiers. The name xcomp is borrowed from Lexical-Functional Grammar.
Il dit que tu aimes nager \n He says that you like to swim
xcomp(aimes, nager)
Je compte y retourner \n I am planning to go back there
xcomp(compte, retourner)
Je le considère comme un ami \n I consider him as a friend
xcomp(considère, ami)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
1703 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as xcomp.
1690 instances of xcomp (99%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.91544333529066.
The following 24 pairs of parts of speech are connected with xcomp: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (602; 35% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (470; 28% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (363; 21% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PROPN (182; 11% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NUM (24; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (20; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/X (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/SYM (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/AUX-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 13 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 13 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 13 xcomp color:blue
1 Vraiment vraiment ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ _
2 , , PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
3 j' je PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
4 y y ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ _
5 ai avoir AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _
6 passé passer VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
7 du du DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 det _ _
8 bon bon ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 amod _ _
9 temps temps NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 dobj _ _
10 et et CONJ _ _ 6 cc _ _
11 compte compter VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _
12 y y ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ _
13 retourner retourner VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _
14 ! ! PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 8 xcomp color:blue
1 Le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 roi roi NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _
3 Mutesa Mutesa PROPN _ _ 2 appos _ _
4 II II NUM _ _ 3 nummod _ _
5 en en PRON _ Person=3 6 iobj _ _
6 devient devenir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
7 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 président président NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 xcomp _ _
9 à à ADP _ _ 10 case _ _
10 vie vie NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
11 . . PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 5 xcomp color:blue
1 La le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 junk-food junk-food NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
3 rend rendre VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 aussi aussi ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ _
5 accro accro ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 xcomp _ _
6 que que SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ _
7 les le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 drogues drogue NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _
9 dures dur ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 amod _ _
10 ! ! PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
xcomp in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]