expl: expletive
This relation captures expletive or pleonastic nominals. These are nominals that appear in an argument position of a predicate but which do not themselves satisfy any of the semantic roles of the predicate. There is further discussion and examples on the universal dependency page (u-dep/expl).
C' est la seule manière de réussir \n It' s the only way to succeed
expl(manière, C')
In Romance languages, pronouns in prominal verbs which do not have a semantic role are marked as expl such as se in se douter. In French the expl relation is also used for euphonic elements, such as l’ in e.g. et que l’on retrouve or t in a-t-il reçu mon email?
Note that currenlty expletives are not annotated consistently in the French treebank.
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
735 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as expl.
651 instances of expl (89%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.37687074829932.
The following 21 pairs of parts of speech are connected with expl: fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PRON (298; 41% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PART (244; 33% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PRON (54; 7% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/SCONJ (46; 6% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/ADP (24; 3% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PRON (16; 2% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADP (11; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADP (8; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/PRON (8; 1% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/SCONJ (7; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (5; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/AUX-fr-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/PART (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 10 9 expl color:blue
1 Il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
2 n' ne PART _ _ 6 neg _ _
3 est être VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
4 pas pas ADV _ _ 6 neg _ _
5 aussi aussi ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ _
6 anxieux anxieux ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
7 qu' que SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ _
8 il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _
9 y y PRON _ _ 10 expl _ _
10 paraît paraître VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _
11 . . PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 3 2 expl color:blue
1 Va aller VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 -t t PART _ _ 3 expl _ _
3 -il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 nsubj _ _
4 se se PRON _ Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 dobj _ _
5 circonscrire circonscrire VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ _
6 à à ADP _ _ 9 case _ _
7 cette ce DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 det _ _
8 seule seul ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 amod _ _
9 matière matière NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
10 ? ? PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 1 3 expl color:blue
1 Qu' que PRON _ _ 0 root _ _
2 est être VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 cop _ _
3 -ce ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 1 expl _ _
4 qui qui PRON _ _ 3 mwe _ _
5 va aller AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _
6 augmenter augmenter VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 3 acl:relcl _ _
7 ? ? PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
expl in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]