cop: copula
A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and
the copular verb. Copular heads are avoided when possible. For more on the cop relation, see the universal dependency description (u-dep/cop)
Bill est un homme honnête \n Bill is an honest man
cop(homme, est)
nsubj(homme, Bill)
amod(homme, honnête)
det(homme, un)
In the current French treebank, the following verbs are treated as copular ones: être, devenir, rester, demeurer, as well as in some constructions appeler, intituler, nommer, réputer, élir
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
4885 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as cop.
4825 instances of cop (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.15516888433982.
The following 13 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (2875; 59% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (1509; 31% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (227; 5% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/VERB (145; 3% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/VERB (46; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (34; 1% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/VERB (28; 1% instances), fr-pos/SYM-fr-pos/VERB (12; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/X-fr-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/INTJ-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PART-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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1 C' ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 9 nsubj _ _
2 est être VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _
3 véritablement véritablement ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ _
4 pour pour ADP _ _ 7 case _ _
5 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
6 futur futur ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 amod _ _
7 baptisé baptiser VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 nmod _ _
8 un un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 changement changement NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
10 de de ADP _ _ 11 case _ _
11 cap cap NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _
12 . . PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ _
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1 Il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _
2 ne ne PART _ _ 4 neg _ _
3 sera être VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _
4 présent présent ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 que que ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ _
6 durant durant ADP _ _ 10 case _ _
7 les le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
8 10 10 NUM _ _ 10 nummod _ _
9 premières premier ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 amod _ _
10 parties partie NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _
11 . . PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Qu' que PRON _ _ 0 root _ _
2 est être VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 cop _ _
3 -ce ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 1 expl _ _
4 qui qui PRON _ _ 3 mwe _ _
5 va aller AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _
6 augmenter augmenter VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 3 acl:relcl _ _
7 ? ? PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
cop in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]