VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
| Values: | Fin | Inf | Part |
Fin: finite verb
Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite.
Examples
- գիտեմ/gitem “I know”, գիտես/gites “you know”, գիտէ/gitē “he/she/it knows”, գիտենք/gitenkʼ “we know”, գիտէք/gitēkʼ “you know”, գիտեն/giten “they know”,
- վազեցի/vazecʼi “I ran”, վազեցիր/vazecʼir “you ran”, վազեց/vazecʼ “he/she/it ran”, վազեցինք/vazecʼinkʼ “we ran”, վազեցիք/vazecʼikʼ “you ran”, վազեցին/vazecʼin “they ran”,
- եմ/em “I am”, ես/es “you are”, է/ē “he/she/it is”, ենք/enkʼ “we are”,էք/ēkʼ “you are”, են/en “they are”,
- գնա՛/gna՛, գնացե՛ք/gnacʼe՛kʼ “go!” (imperative in different numbers),
- կարդամ/kardam “I read
Sub”, կարդաս/kardas “you readSub”, կարդայ/karday “he/she/it readsSub”, կարդանք/kardankʼ “we readSub”, կարդաք/kardakʼ “you readSub”, կարդան/kardan “they readSub”.
Inf: infinitive
Infinitive is the citation form of verbs. In Western Armenian, the infinitive is a non-finite verb form. It is used with the auxiliary տալ/tal to form periphrastic causative voice, and it can also function as an argument of other verbs. The infinitive shares properties of verbs and nouns. It inflects for Case, Definite, Number, Number[psor] and Person[psor].
Examples
- դիտել տուի/ditel towi “I had [someone] notice”,
- Խոստացայ երթալ/Xostacʼay ertʼal “I promised to go”,
- կ՚աղաչէ չերթալ/k՚aġačē čertʼal “he/she begs not to go”
- պիտի գայ ընթրելու/piti gay ëntʼrelow “he/she will come to have dinner / for dinner”,
- Գլուխ քերելու ժամանակ չունիմ/Glowx kʼerelow žamanak čownim “I don’t have time to scratch my head”,
- սորվելէ ետք/sorvelē etkʼ “after learning”,
- խօսելով ժամանակ անցընել/xòselov žamanak ancʼënel “to spend time talking”,
- քալելով պիտի երթամ/kʼalelov piti ertʼam “I will go by walking”.
Part: participle, verbal adjective
Participles are non-finite verb forms that share properties of verbs and adjectives. In Western Armenian, some participles may be used to form complex tenses and can also be used adjectively. Nevertheless, they are always annotated as verb.
In Western Armenian grammar, converbs and participles are not distinguished. Note that the ablative and instrumental case forms of the infinitive can be used adverbially, including to express an action occurring simultaneously with the main action, and thus may have a converb-like function. In such uses, they retain their morphological analysis as infinitives (VerbForm=Inf), while their adverbial function is captured syntactically by the advcl relation (e.g. Թփերուն ետեւէն կաղալէն եւ հայհոյելէն Պօղոս աղբարը կ՚ելլէ:/Tʼpʼerown etewēn kaġalēn ew hayhoyelēn Pòġos aġbarë k՚ellē. “Uncle Boghos emerges from behind the bushes, limping and cursing.”).
Western Armenian has six types of participles:
- The resultative participle is used to form the indicative mood in present perfect resultative and imperfect in the past resultative tense. It can be also used adjectively and can be negated.
- The subject participle can be used only adjectively and can be negated.
- The future-I participle is used to form the indicative mood in present prospective (future) or imperfect prospective (future-in-the-past) tense.
- The future-II (state of prospective action) participle can be used only adjectively and can be negated.
- The perfect participle is used to form the indicative mood in present perfect or imperfect-in-the-past (past perfect) tense.
- The negative participle is used to form negated periphrastic indicative forms. We mark them Connegative.
Note that the resultative and future-I participles can be used to form the secondary compound tenses (with the auxiliary ըլլալ/ëllal in any tense or mood).
Note also that resultative, subject, and future-II participles that fall in the gray zone between adjectives and participles and can also be used adjectively, are marked Part too.
Participles will have Aspect, Voice and Subcat.
Examples
- արթնցած/artʼncʼaç “woken up”, գրած/graç “written”, ուղարկուած/owġarkowaç “sent”, ներկայացուած/nerkayacʼowaç “presented” (resultative participle, in different voices),
- գրող/groġ “(smth.) writing”, հասնող/hasnoġ “reaching”, տուող/towoġ “giving”, եղող/eġoġ “being”, բացուող/bacʼowoġ “opening” (subject participle, in different voices),
- տեսնելու/tesnelow “(for) seeing”, հանելու/hanelow “(for) removing”, վերացուելու/veracʼowelow “(for) being eliminated” անցնելու/ancʼnelow “(for) passing” (future-I participle, in different voices),
- գալիք/galikʼ “coming”, գիտնալիք/gitnalikʼ “(smth.) to be known”, գտնուելիք/gtnowelikʼ “to be found” (future-II participle, in different voices),
- գացեր/gacʼer “have gone”, կերեր/kerer “have eaten”, դրեր/drer “have put” (perfect participle, in different voices),
- պատասխաներ/patasxaner “answer (connegative)”, փոխուիր/pʼoxowir “change (connegative)”, գար/gar “come (connegative)”
VerbForm in other languages: [ab] [abq] [akk] [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cu] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gub] [gun] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myv] [oge] [orv] [pal] [pcm] [ps] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl] [xmf]