VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
| Values: | Fin | Inf | Part |
Fin: finite verb
Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite. In Armenian this applies to conditional (also to connegative), indicative, imperative and subjunctive forms.
Examples
- գիտեմ, գիտես, գիտէ, գիտեմք (գիտենք), գիտէք, գիտեն “I know, you know, he/she/it knows, we know, you know, they know”,
- մնացի, մնացեր, մնաց, մնացաք, մնացէք, մնացին “I stayed, you stayed, he/she/it stayed, we stayed, you stayed, they stayed”,
- եմ, ես, է, եմք, էք, են “I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are”,
- աղա՛, աղացե՛ք “grind” (imperative in different numbers),
- գրեմ, գրես, գրէ, գրեմք, գրէք, գրեն “I write.
Sub, you write.Sub, he/she/it write.Sub, we write.Sub, you write.Sub, they write.Sub”
Inf: infinitive
Infinitive is the citation form of verbs. In Middle Armenian it has non-finite form. It appears as the argument of other verbs. When used with the auxiliary verb եմ/em and the preposition ի/i, it indicates the present indicative. The infinitive shares properties of verbs and nouns. It inflects for Case, Definite, Number, Number[psor] and Person[psor]. Note that in Middle Armenian grammar, the genitive-dative case of the infinitive is treated as a future participle, regardless of whether it functions as a verbal tense (with an auxiliary verb) or as a modifier (with a noun). However, we shall apply the principle of Modern Armenian (Eastern and Western), where only the form used with an auxiliary (to create the future tense of the indicative mood) is considered a future participle.
Examples
- օրէնքս չէ ի տալ/òrēnk’s čē i tal “this law doesn’t permit”
- Որով զոք դատիս՝ Նոյն դատաստան կամիս կրել/Orov zok’ datis՝ Noyn datastan kamis krel “The judgment you pass on others is the same one you are willing to face yourself”,
- Պատրաստ եմ մեռանել վասն անուան նորին/Patrast em meṙanel vasn anowan norin “I am ready to die for his name”,
- Մի՞թէ մեռանելոյ օրս մոտեցաւ/mit’ē meoaneloy òrs motec’aw “Has my day to die really come”,
- Եւ զայդ ի դողալուն ատենէ սկիզբն արա/ew zayd i doġalown atenē skizbn ara “And start this from the moment of trembling”
Part: participle, verbal adjective
Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. In Middle Armenian it may be used to form complex tenses and can be also used purely adjectively.
In Middle Armenian grammar, these words are normally called converbs. However, since the UD definition Part partially covers the use of converbs, we use the same label.
Note, that the so called negative participle is used to form negated periphrastic indicative and conditional forms. We mark them Connegative.
Middle Armenian has six types of participles:
- The resultative participle is used to form the indicative mood in present and imperfect resultative. It can be used adjectively and can be negated.
- The subject participle can be used only adjectively and can be negated.
- The imperfective participle is used to form the indicative mood in present or imperfect tense. It is formed with two endings: -իս/-is, which is attached to the infinitive, and -ում/-owm, which is attached to the verb stem.
- The future participle is used to form the indicative mood in present future or imperfect future (future-in-the-past) tense. Some of its forms (mainly with the ending -ի/-i attached to the infinitive) can be used only adjectively and can be negated.
- The past participle is the continuation of the Classical Armenian past participle into the Middle Armenian. While in Classical Armenian this form could convey both active and passive meanings, in Middle Armenian it increasingly trends toward a passive sense, although a new passive infix (-ու-/-ow-) has already emerged. It can be used adjectively or substantively.
- The perfect participle is used to form the indicative mood in present perfect or imperfect-in-the-past (past perfect) tense. This participle may have two endings: either -լ/-l or -ր/-r. In Middle Armenian it can be used adjectively.
Note that the resultative, past and perfect participles can be used to form the secondary compound tenses (with the auxiliary լինել/linel “to be” in any tense or mood). The resultative participle can form secondary compound tenses also with other verbs, like կենալ/kenal “to stay”, կայ/kay “to exist, to be” or ունիմ/ownim “have”.
Participles will have Aspect, Voice and Subcat.
Examples
- քաղած/k’aġaç, բերած/beraç, պարգևված/pargewvaç, խառնուած/xaṙnowaç, փռված/p’ṙvaç “slept, written, sent, raised” (resultative participle, in different voices),
- ստեղծող/steġçoġ, նախշող/naxšoġ, խնդացող/xndac’oġ, թուլացնող/t’owlac’noġ, կարմրցնող/karmrc’noġ “(smth.) creating, decorating, laughing, weakening, reddening” (subject participle, in different voices),
- տեսնում/tesnowm, խօսում/xòsowm, հեռանալիս/heṙanalis, դողալիս/doġalis “see(ing), speak(ing), leav(ing), trembl(ing)” (imperfective participle, in different voices),
- տանելու/tanelow, չորացնելու/čorac’nelow, անցանելու/anc’anelow, գնալու/owteloy, ճանաչելի/č̣anačeli “for taking, for drying, for passing, for going, smth. that can be recognized” (future participle, in different voices),
- լցեալ/lc’eal, հեծեալ/heçeal, մեռեալ/meṙeal, բացուեալ/bac’oweal “filled, mounted, dead, opened” (past participle, in different voices)
- ասել/asel, մնացել/mnac’el, հագեր/hager, արբեցուցեր/arbec’owc’er “have told, have remained, have dressed, have made (someone) drunk” (perfect participle, in different voices),
VerbForm in other languages: [ab] [abq] [akk] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cu] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gub] [gun] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myv] [orv] [pcm] [ps] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl] [xmf]