VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
VerbForm
Even though the name of the feature seems to suggest that it is used exclusively with verbs, it is not the case.
Some verb forms in some languages actually form a gray zone between verbs and other parts of speech (nouns,
adjectives and adverbs). For instance, participles may be either classified as verbs or as adjectives,
depending on language and context. In both cases VerbForm=Part may be used to separate them from other verb forms or other types of adjectives.
Pomak has both finite verb forms and non-finite ones. Non-finite verb forms include the participles, the (residual)infinitive and the converbs.
Fin: finite verb
Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite.
Examples
- vremǿso je óblačno “the weather is cloudy”
- navón letí snæg “it is snowing outside”
- še dójdeš li da mí pamógneš? “will you come to help me?”
- denése so bóržo pamínot “the days go by quickly”
- valésavyj da na pánneš “be careful so you do not fall”
Part: participle
Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives.
In Pomak, participles are always tagged as ‘Tense=Past’ and they may be active or passive ones. A further division classifies them by their aspectual properties into perfective and imperfective ones.
Examples
Examples
Active participles:
Imperfective participles: Aspect=Imp|Voice=Act
- kázaval (kázavom) “he was saying, he was narrating”
- atkáraval (atkáravom) “he was going, he was carrying”
- písaval (písavom) “he was writing”
- danásel (danásem) “he was bringing”
- prevádal (prevádom) “he was sending”
- dával (dávom) “he was giving”
Perfective participles: Aspect=Perf|Voice=Act
- kázal (kážom) “he said, he narrated”
- atkáral (ótkarom) “he went, he carried”
- písal (píšom) “he wrote”
- danél (dónesom) “he brought”
- prevódil (prévadem) “he sent”
- dal (dam) “he gave”
Passive participles:
Imperfective participles: Aspect=Imp|Voice=Pass
- kázavan (kázavom) “said continuously”
- atkáravan (atkáravom) “carried continuously”
- písavan (písavom) “written continuously”
- danásen (danásem) “brought continuously”
- prevádan (prevádom) “sent continuously”
- dávan (dávom) “given continuously”
Perfective participles: Aspect=Perf|Voice=Pass
- kázan (kážom) “said once”
- atkáran (ótkarom) “carried once”
- písan (píšom) “written once”
- danésen (dónesom) “brought once”
- prevóden (prévadem) “sent once”
- dáden (dam) “given once”
Conv: converb
The converb, also called adverbial participle, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs. It appears e.g. in Slavic and Indo-Aryan languages.
In Pomak it is related only to imperfective verb forms.
Examples
- patrǿsna mí só sedǿva (sédom) “I am bored of sitting around”
- zabalǽho nu nagýse varvǿva (vórvem) “our feet are sore from walking”
- skócaho só smǿva (smøm so) “they burst out in laughter”
- ačíne ji so atékaly plákava (pláčem) “her eyes are swollen from crying”
- umaríh só mestá méreva (mérem) “I am tired of measuring fields”
Inf: infinitive
Infinitives of Pomak have an imperfective and a perfective form and a range of usages that are exemplified below. Among others, the infinitive forms the detering imperative Imperative when it appears after the particle namój / namójte “not”.
Examples
- ne mí só je rabatí naštése, alá trǽbava “I do not want / like working at night, but I have to”
- za tébe šom attí / do dur da Atíno “for your sake I would go / come to Athens”
- padjó ti, májko, vaz drúman, pytá ti, májko drúmniceh “you will go uphill, mama, you will be asking, mama, the people passing by (folk song)”
- račí / mog li ti da mí zǿmeš annók hlǽba at fyrýnane? “would you accept / could you buy me a bread from the bakery?”
- Detering imperative: namój barzá, še da fpréme “do not rush, we shall arrive”
A very special type of Pomamk infinitives is related to a small number of imperfective verbs. These infinitives are repeated to form bilects that denote the continuous/monotonous/rythmic repetition of a motion, activity etc.
Examples
- čúktiti čúktiti (čúkom) “hit and hit”
- lǘštiti lǘštiti (lǘllem) “swing and swing”
- vórttiti vórttiti (vórtem) “turn and turn”
- séktiti séktiti (séčem) “strike and strike (with an axe)”
VerbForm in other languages: [abq] [akk] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cu] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gub] [gun] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myv] [orv] [pcm] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj]