VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
| Values: | Conv | Fin | Part | Vnoun |
The feature VerbForm can be used for verbal or deverbal elements in matrix and embedded clauses.
As of now, Turkish treebanks make use of Conv, Fin, Part, and Vnoun.
Conv: converb
The converb, also called transgressive or adverbial participle, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.
Examples
- yürürken gördüm “I saw it while I was walking”
- okuyarak daha iyi öğreniyor “She/he learns better by reading”
- raporu yazılı olarak istiyorlar “They want the report in written form”
- okuyunca anlayacaksın “You will understand when you read it”
Fin: finite verb
Verbs that are marked for mood (Mood), tense (Tense) or
person (Person) are finite and are assigned the VerbForm value Fin.
Either embedded or matrix verbs can be finite.
Rule of thumb: If the verb and all of its dependents can be uttered alone without a conversational context, the verb should be finite.
Examples
- Eve geldi. “She came home.”
- Eve geldin sanıyordum. “I thought you came home.”
- Eve geldin diye duydum. “I heard that you came home.”
- Eve geldin ya problem kalmadı. “You came home, so there is no problem.”
Part: participle
Participle is a non-finite verb form which functions like an adjective. The participles are introduced using a number of subordinating suffixes.
If the head of the relative clause is omitted (so-called “headless relative clauses”), we treat the word like a verbal noun.
Examples
- okuyacağım kitap “the book that I will read”
- Ali’nin okuduğu kitap “the book that I have read”
- okuyor olduğun kitap “the book that you are reading”
Vnoun: verbal noun
Verbal nouns are derived from verbs. Such words in Turkish take the following suffixes:
-mA, -(y)Iş, -DIK, -(y)AcAK, -mAK. Note that the forms with -mAK are often called
the infinitive (Göksel and Kerslake, p. 412) and used as the citation form of the
verb. Nevertheless, we annotate them as VerbForm=Vnoun, not Inf.
Examples
- Gitmeni istiyorum. “I want you to go”
- Kalkış yapalım. “Let’s take off”
- Bitirdiğini sanmıştım. “I thought you were finished”
- Oradan geçmek istemiyordum. “I didn’t want to pass there”
References
- Aslı Göksel and Celia Kerslake. Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar. London: Routledge, 2005.
VerbForm in other languages: [ab] [abq] [akk] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cu] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gub] [gun] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myv] [orv] [pcm] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl]