ADJ: adjective
Definition
Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. In Italian, adjectives can be used predicatively (as in La casa è gialla “The house is yellow”) and attributively (as in La casa gialla è a destra “The yellow house is on the right side”).
Adjectives in Italian normally agree in number and gender with the noun they modify (both in attributive and predicative position), e.g. la casa gialla (feminine singular), le case gialle (feminine plural).
The class of adjectives in Italian UD also includes ordinal numbers and participial adjectives, both behaving as adjectives morphologically and syntactically.
To conform to the UD guidelines, possessive adjectives are handled as determiners DET.
Corresponding language-specific part-of-speech tags
A: Adjective
NO: Ordinal Number
Examples
- grande “big”
- vecchio “old”
- verde “green”
- Un caro amico_ “a dear friend”
- Un libro interessante “An interesting book”
- Il cancello è aperto “The gate is open”
- È stato illuminante “It has been illuminating”
- primo “first”, secondo “second”, terzo “third”, IV “fourth”, ennesimo “nth”, ultimo “last”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
There are 3063 ADJ lemmas (15%), 4836 ADJ types (16%) and 18679 ADJ tokens (6%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: altro, primo, nuovo, stesso, italiano, grande, pubblico, ultimo, maggiore, europeo
The 10 most frequent ADJ types: primo, prima, nuovo, grande, altri, presente, altro, stesso, comune, italiana
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: altro (ADJ 412, PRON 187, DET 80, NOUN 1), primo (ADJ 409, PRON 33), nuovo (ADJ 289, NOUN 1), stesso (ADJ 265, PRON 24, ADV 4), italiano (ADJ 241, NOUN 40), grande (ADJ 207, NOUN 2), pubblico (ADJ 171, NOUN 45), ultimo (ADJ 156, PRON 17, NOUN 9), maggiore (ADJ 149, NOUN 2), europeo (ADJ 146, NOUN 7)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: primo (ADJ 190, PRON 17), prima (ADV 154, ADJ 147, ADP 15, PRON 8, NOUN 2), nuovo (ADJ 132, NOUN 1), grande (ADJ 129, NOUN 1), altri (ADJ 117, PRON 79, DET 28), altro (ADJ 112, PRON 59, DET 4, NOUN 1), stesso (ADJ 106, PRON 12, ADV 4), comune (ADJ 100, NOUN 8), italiana (ADJ 85, NOUN 1), altra (ADJ 91, PRON 25, DET 11)
- primo
- prima
- ADV 154: Era in platea , è andato via soltanto mezz’ ora prima di il finale .
- ADJ 147: D’ altra parte , non è la prima volta che fa certe sparate :
- ADP 15: Quante aule vennero costruite prima di il 1976 in il Distretto Scolastico di Wilsona ?
- PRON 8: la prima per la terracotta , la seconda per il colore .
- NOUN 2: Su questa prima c’ era un’ attesa particolare :
- nuovo
- grande
- altri
- altro
- ADJ 112: Dovevi veder li , l’ altro ieri , come scappavano mentre noi avanzavamo .
- PRON 59: Il corazziere è solo un mitomane o dietro a la vicenda c’ è di l’ altro ?
- DET 4: D’ altro canto , se è vero , come ha detto a l’ Ansa il segretario di il vescovo di Goma , Faustino Angabu , che la strada percorsa da il gruppo di italiani massacrati sabato era considerata sicura , è pur vero che lo Zaire è uno di i Paesi più pericolosi di tutta l’ Africa .
- NOUN 1: In sostituzione di il titolo di trasporto di cui a il paragrafo 1 è ammesso l’ impiego di qualsiasi altro mezzo che attesti le indicazioni ivi menzionate .
- stesso
- comune
- italiana
- altra
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.578844 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.488836).
The 1st highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “bello”: bei, bel, bell’, bella, belle, belli, bellissima, bellissimi, bellissimo, bello.
The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “alto”: alta, alte, alti, altissima, altissimi, altissimo, alto.
The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “duro”: dura, dure, duri, durissima, durissimi, durissimo, duro.
ADJ occurs with 6 features: it-feat/Number (18332; 98% instances), it-feat/Gender (11842; 63% instances), it-feat/NumType (880; 5% instances), it-feat/Degree (440; 2% instances), it-feat/Poss (1; 0% instances), it-feat/PronType (1; 0% instances)
ADJ occurs with 9 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs, Degree=Cmp, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, NumType=Ord, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Poss=Yes, PronType=Prs
ADJ occurs with 22 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing (4015 tokens).
Examples: grande, presente, comune, primo, prima, internazionale, possibile, sociale, nazionale, nuovo
Relations
ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 17 different relations: it-dep/amod (15834; 85% instances), it-dep/conj (1031; 6% instances), it-dep/root (737; 4% instances), it-dep/xcomp (425; 2% instances), it-dep/nmod (225; 1% instances), it-dep/advcl (166; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (98; 1% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (81; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj (23; 0% instances), it-dep/dobj (21; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj (9; 0% instances), it-dep/name (9; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (6; 0% instances), it-dep/acl (5; 0% instances), it-dep/csubjpass (4; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubjpass (4; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (15226; 82% instances), VERB (1095; 6% instances), ADJ (901; 5% instances), ROOT (737; 4% instances), PROPN (431; 2% instances), PRON (194; 1% instances), NUM (65; 0% instances), ADV (17; 0% instances), SYM (4; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)
14638 (78%) ADJ nodes are leaves.
1646 (9%) ADJ nodes have one child.
940 (5%) ADJ nodes have two children.
1455 (8%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 14.
Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 35 different relations: it-dep/punct (1681; 16% instances), it-dep/nmod (1534; 15% instances), it-dep/advmod (1424; 14% instances), it-dep/cop (1155; 11% instances), it-dep/conj (1097; 11% instances), it-dep/cc (918; 9% instances), it-dep/nsubj (803; 8% instances), it-dep/advcl (338; 3% instances), it-dep/mark (273; 3% instances), it-dep/case (227; 2% instances), it-dep/neg (196; 2% instances), it-dep/det (189; 2% instances), it-dep/csubj (139; 1% instances), it-dep/aux (94; 1% instances), it-dep/amod (62; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (45; 0% instances), it-dep/nummod (41; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (40; 0% instances), it-dep/iobj (15; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubjpass (11; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (8; 0% instances), it-dep/auxpass (7; 0% instances), it-dep/det:poss (7; 0% instances), it-dep/acl (6; 0% instances), it-dep/compound (6; 0% instances), it-dep/xcomp (6; 0% instances), it-dep/discourse (5; 0% instances), it-dep/dobj (5; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (5; 0% instances), it-dep/appos (4; 0% instances), it-dep/mwe (4; 0% instances), it-dep/det:predet (2; 0% instances), it-dep/csubjpass (1; 0% instances), it-dep/expl (1; 0% instances), it-dep/expl:impers (1; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (1934; 19% instances), VERB (1873; 18% instances), PUNCT (1681; 16% instances), ADV (1636; 16% instances), CONJ (913; 9% instances), ADJ (901; 9% instances), PRON (350; 3% instances), ADP (250; 2% instances), SCONJ (247; 2% instances), DET (200; 2% instances), PROPN (193; 2% instances), AUX (103; 1% instances), NUM (54; 1% instances), SYM (11; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
ADJ in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]