root: root
The root grammatical relation points to the root of the sentence, so there’s only one root for each sentence. In Italian the root is usually a verbal predicate, unless we are analysing a nominal phrase, where the root is a noun.
ROOT Alcune chiamate partirono/VERB da il Quirinale .
root(ROOT, partirono)
ROOT Questa ricchezza è tutta apparenza/NOUN .
root(ROOT, apparenza)
cop(apparenza, è)
ROOT Ecco l' arringa/NOUN di Tiziana Maiolo .
root(ROOT, arringa)
If the main predicate is not present due to ellipsis and there are multiple orphaned dependents, the leftmost dependent should be promoted to the head (root) position and the other orphans should be attached to it.
ROOT Sorpresa/NOUN in la sorpresa .
root(ROOT, Sorpresa)
nmod(Sorpresa, sorpresa)
punct(Sorpresa, .)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
This relation is universal.
13815 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as root.
13815 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 6.64980094100615.
The following 13 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/VERB (9736; 70% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/NOUN (2218; 16% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/ADJ (737; 5% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/PRON (695; 5% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/PROPN (247; 2% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/NUM (90; 1% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/ADV (73; 1% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/INTJ (6; 0% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/AUX (4; 0% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/X (4; 0% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/PUNCT (1; 0% instances), it-pos/ROOT-it-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances).
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1 I il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 tre tre NUM N NumType=Card 6 nsubj _ _
3 avevano avere AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _
4 da da ADP E _ 5 case _ _
5 poco poco ADV B _ 6 advmod _ _
6 lasciato lasciare VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
7 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 cima cima NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 dobj _ _
9 e e CONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _
10 stavano stare AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _
11 cominciando cominciare VERB V VerbForm=Ger 6 conj _ _
12 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 13 det _ _
13 discesa discesa NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT FS _ 6 punct _ _
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1 Sorpresa sorpresa NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 in in ADP E _ 4 case _ _
3 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 sorpresa sorpresa NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 : : PUNCT FC _ 1 punct _ _
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1 È essere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 cop _ _
2 vero vero ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 tutti tutto PRON PI Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind 7 nsubjpass _ _
5 possiamo potere AUX VM Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _
6 essere essere AUX VA VerbForm=Inf 7 auxpass _ _
7 sostituiti sostituire VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
root in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]