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acl: clausal modifier of noun

acl is used for dependent finite and non-finite clauses that modify a nominal (either a noun or a pronoun). The head of the acl relation is the noun/pronoun that is modified, and the dependent is the head of the clause that modifies the noun/pronoun: it can be the verb itself or an adjective part of a verbal predicate.

acl is used in the following cases:

• participial modifiers of nouns

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Commossa/VERB[Tense:Past|VerbForm=Part] , Fiona/PROPN May/PROPN ha/AUX parlato/VERB
acl(Fiona, Commossa)
nsubj(parlato, Fiona)
name(Fiona, May)
aux(parlato, ha)
{
    "text": "Commossa , Fiona May ha parlato ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "VERB", [ [ 0, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 9, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "PROPN", [ [ 11, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "PROPN", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "AUX", [ [ 21, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "VERB", [ [ 24, 31 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "name", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-1-A1", "VerbForm", "embedded-1-T1", "Part" ] ],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Due persone/NOUN armate/VERB[Tense:Past|VerbForm=Part] di pistola
acl(persone, armate)
{
    "text": "Due persone armate di pistola ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "NOUN", [ [ 4, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "VERB", [ [ 12, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 19, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 22, 29 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-2-A1", "VerbForm", "embedded-2-T3", "Part" ] ],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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Gli altri/PRON indicati/VERB[Tense:Past|VerbForm=Part] dalla legge . 
acl(altri, indicati)
{
    "text": "Gli altri indicati dalla legge . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "PRON", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "VERB", [ [ 10, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 19, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-3-A1", "VerbForm", "embedded-3-T3", "Part" ] ],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

• finite and non finite clausal complements of nouns like fatto (fact), volta (time), bisogno (need), modo (way).

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il fatto che Gianni faccia/VERB[VerbForm=Fin] l' attore
acl(fatto, faccia)
{
    "text": "il fatto che Gianni faccia l' attore ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "VERB", [ [ 20, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 30, 36 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-4-A1", "VerbForm", "embedded-4-T5", "Fin" ] ],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

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Ha bisogno di vedere/VERB[VerbForm=Inf] cambiamenti concreti subito . 
acl(bisogno, vedere)
{
    "text": "Ha bisogno di vedere cambiamenti concreti subito . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "VERB", [ [ 14, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T6", "token", [ [ 33, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 42, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-5-A1", "VerbForm", "embedded-5-T4", "Inf" ] ],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

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Ogni volta che fai/VERB[VerbForm=Fin] la doccia . 
acl(volta, fai)
{
    "text": "Ogni volta che fai la doccia . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T4", "VERB", [ [ 15, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T7", "token", [ [ 29, 30 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-6-A1", "VerbForm", "embedded-6-T4", "Fin" ] ],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ]
}

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in modo che la loro applicazione porti/VERB[VerbForm=Fin] all' eliminazione della disuguaglianza . 
acl(modo, porti)
{
    "text": "in modo che la loro applicazione porti all' eliminazione della disuguaglianza . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-7-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T5", "token", [ [ 15, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T6", "token", [ [ 20, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T7", "VERB", [ [ 33, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T8", "token", [ [ 39, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T9", "token", [ [ 44, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T10", "token", [ [ 57, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T11", "token", [ [ 63, 77 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T12", "token", [ [ 78, 79 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-7-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-7-A1", "VerbForm", "embedded-7-T7", "Fin" ] ],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "7" ]
}

• infinitival modifiers of nouns or pronouns

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non è il caso/NOUN di pensare/VERB[VerbForm=Inf] 
acl(caso, pensare)
{
    "text": "non è il caso di pensare ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-8-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T5", "token", [ [ 14, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T6", "VERB", [ [ 17, 24 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-8-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-8-A1", "VerbForm", "embedded-8-T6", "Inf" ] ],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "8" ]
}

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quello/PRON di agevolare/VERB[VerbForm=Inf]  l' accesso
acl(quello, agevolare)
{
    "text": "quello di agevolare l' accesso ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-9-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T3", "VERB", [ [ 10, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T4", "token", [ [ 20, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T5", "token", [ [ 23, 30 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-9-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-9-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-9-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-9-A1", "VerbForm", "embedded-9-T3", "Inf" ] ],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "9" ]
}

• cases of secondary predication for non-core argument of a clausal predicate. For more on that and secondary predication of core arguments see the xcomp relation.

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Sono stati ritrovati sani e salvi cinque americani .
acl(ritrovati, sani)
cc(sani, e)
conj(sani, salvi)
{
    "text": "Sono stati ritrovati sani e salvi cinque americani . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-10-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T4", "token", [ [ 21, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T5", "token", [ [ 26, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T6", "token", [ [ 28, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T7", "token", [ [ 34, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T8", "token", [ [ 41, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T9", "token", [ [ 51, 52 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-10-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-10-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-10-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-R2", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-10-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-10-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-R3", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-10-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-10-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "10" ]
}

• relative clauses. See acl:relcl.

In Italian relative clauses get assigned a specific relation acl:relcl, a specification of acl. Also note that the acl relation contrasts with the advcl relation, which is used for adverbial clauses that modify a predicate.

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This relation is universal. There are 1 language-specific subtypes of acl: acl:relcl.

3443 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as acl.

3351 instances of acl (97%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.70694162067964.

The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: NOUN-VERB (3141; 91% instances), PROPN-VERB (166; 5% instances), PRON-VERB (112; 3% instances), NOUN-NOUN (11; 0% instances), ADJ-VERB (6; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (5; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (1; 0% instances), X-VERB (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 acl	color:blue
1	Esodo	esodo	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	controllato	controllare	VERB	V	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	acl	_	_
3	a	a	ADP	E	_	4	case	_	_
4	Civitavecchia	Civitavecchia	PROPN	SP	_	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	FC	_	1	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 1 acl	color:blue
1	Evacuata	evacuare	VERB	V	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	acl	_	_
2	la	il	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Tate	Tate	PROPN	SP	_	0	root	_	_
4	Gallery	Gallery	PROPN	SP	_	3	name	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 7 acl	color:blue
1	Ma	ma	CONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	non	non	ADV	BN	PronType=Neg	4	neg	_	_
3	gli	lo	PRON	PC	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Clit	4	iobj	_	_
4	chiedete	chiedere	VERB	V	Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	qualcosa	qualcosa	PRON	PI	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	dobj	_	_
6	da	da	ADP	E	_	7	mark	_	_
7	bere	bere	VERB	V	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	4	punct	_	_

---

acl in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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