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conj: conjunct

A conjunct is the relation between two elements connected by a coordinating conjunction, such as e, o, etc. The head of the relation is the first conjunct and all the other conjuncts depend on it via the conj relation. Here are some examples of the use of the conj relation.

• coordination with conjunctions

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
Siamo andati alla stazione Termini e lo abbiamo chiesto
cc(andati, e)
conj(andati, chiesto)
{
    "text": "Siamo andati alla stazione Termini e lo abbiamo chiesto ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 27, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 35, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 37, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 40, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 48, 55 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
sparatorie e rapine
cc(sparatorie, e)
conj(sparatorie, rapine)
{
    "text": "sparatorie e rapine ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 11, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 19 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
qua e là
cc(qua, e)
conj(qua, là)
{
    "text": "qua e là ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 8 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

• Asyndetic coordination with omitted conjunction. Commas or other punctuation symbols delimit the conjuncts.

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
Per il fratello di Luigi , la cognata , i nipoti
conj(fratello, cognata)
conj(fratello, nipoti)
punct(fratello, ,-6)
punct(fratello, ,-9)
{
    "text": "Per il fratello di Luigi , la cognata , i nipoti ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T9", "token", [ [ 38, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T10", "token", [ [ 40, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T11", "token", [ [ 42, 48 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T11" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
quanto gli piaceva , quanto ne era innamorato
conj(piaceva, innamorato)
aux(innamorato, era)
{
    "text": "quanto gli piaceva , quanto ne era innamorato ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 19, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T6", "token", [ [ 28, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 31, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 35, 45 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R2", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

• mixed coordination. Note that in the example ma (but) coordinates two clauses, not syntagms; head and dependent of the conj relation are the main verbs of the clauses.

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
l' ho vista brutta , ma poi si è ripreso
conj(vista, ripreso)
punct(vista, , )
cc(vista, ma)
{
    "text": "l' ho vista brutta , ma poi si è ripreso ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T7", "token", [ [ 24, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T10", "token", [ [ 33, 40 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-R1", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-R2", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-R3", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ]
}

The dependent of the relation automatically inherit the syntactic relations of the head, unless they have different dependencies explicitly expressed. Here, for instance, the subject of the two verbs is the same (so cominciare inherits it from lasciare), but the direct object is different (so not inherited).

I tre avevano da poco lasciato la cima e stavano cominciando la discesa .
conj(lasciato, cominciando)
nsubj(lasciato, tre)
dobj(lasciato, cima)
dobj(cominciando, discesa)
cc(lasciato, e)

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This relation is universal.

9926 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as conj.

9926 instances of conj (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 7.8223856538384.

The following 80 pairs of parts of speech are connected with conj: NOUN-NOUN (4373; 44% instances), VERB-VERB (2324; 23% instances), ADJ-ADJ (815; 8% instances), PROPN-PROPN (725; 7% instances), ADJ-VERB (168; 2% instances), PROPN-NOUN (165; 2% instances), NUM-NUM (157; 2% instances), NOUN-VERB (136; 1% instances), VERB-NOUN (117; 1% instances), VERB-ADJ (114; 1% instances), NOUN-PRON (113; 1% instances), ADJ-NOUN (102; 1% instances), NOUN-PROPN (79; 1% instances), PRON-NOUN (67; 1% instances), NOUN-ADJ (50; 1% instances), NUM-ADJ (42; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (41; 0% instances), ADV-ADV (36; 0% instances), VERB-ADV (24; 0% instances), NUM-NOUN (23; 0% instances), VERB-PRON (23; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (21; 0% instances), PRON-VERB (19; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (17; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (17; 0% instances), PROPN-PRON (11; 0% instances), CONJ-VERB (9; 0% instances), PRON-PROPN (9; 0% instances), VERB-PROPN (9; 0% instances), ADV-VERB (7; 0% instances), PROPN-ADV (6; 0% instances), PROPN-VERB (6; 0% instances), NUM-VERB (5; 0% instances), PRON-ADJ (5; 0% instances), VERB-NUM (5; 0% instances), ADJ-PRON (4; 0% instances), DET-NOUN (4; 0% instances), PRON-ADV (4; 0% instances), X-X (4; 0% instances), ADJ-ADV (3; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (3; 0% instances), ADP-ADP (3; 0% instances), AUX-AUX (3; 0% instances), DET-DET (3; 0% instances), NOUN-DET (3; 0% instances), NUM-DET (3; 0% instances), PUNCT-NOUN (3; 0% instances), SCONJ-SCONJ (3; 0% instances), SCONJ-VERB (3; 0% instances), X-NOUN (3; 0% instances), ADJ-DET (2; 0% instances), AUX-VERB (2; 0% instances), CONJ-PROPN (2; 0% instances), NOUN-ADP (2; 0% instances), PROPN-ADJ (2; 0% instances), PROPN-NUM (2; 0% instances), SYM-SYM (2; 0% instances), ADP-ADV (1; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (1; 0% instances), ADP-PROPN (1; 0% instances), ADV-ADJ (1; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (1; 0% instances), ADV-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), CONJ-ADV (1; 0% instances), CONJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), DET-ADJ (1; 0% instances), DET-PROPN (1; 0% instances), INTJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), NOUN-PUNCT (1; 0% instances), NOUN-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), NUM-ADV (1; 0% instances), NUM-SYM (1; 0% instances), PRON-NUM (1; 0% instances), PUNCT-PROPN (1; 0% instances), SCONJ-ADJ (1; 0% instances), SCONJ-PRON (1; 0% instances), SCONJ-PROPN (1; 0% instances), VERB-CONJ (1; 0% instances), VERB-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), X-PROPN (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 6 conj	color:blue
1	gusto	gusto	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	un	uno	DET	RI	Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	po'	poco	ADV	B	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	facile	facile	ADJ	A	Number=Sing	3	amod	_	_
5	e	e	CONJ	CC	_	1	cc	_	_
6	appeal	appeal	NOUN	S	_	1	conj	_	_
7	sicuro	sicuro	ADJ	A	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	1	punct	_	_

# visual-style 14	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 14	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 14 conj	color:blue
1	L'	lo	PRON	PC	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Clit	3	dobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ho	avere	AUX	VA	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	sentito	sentire	VERB	V	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	qualche	qualche	DET	DI	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	volta	volta	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	a	a	ADP	E	_	8	case	_	_
7	il	il	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	telefono	telefono	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	FF	_	3	punct	_	_
10	non	non	ADV	BN	PronType=Neg	14	neg	_	_
11	l'	lo	PRON	PC	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Clit	14	dobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ho	avere	AUX	VA	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	mai	mai	ADV	B	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	visto	vedere	VERB	V	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 9 conj	color:blue
1	"	"	PUNCT	FB	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mi	mi	PRON	PC	Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Clit	3	iobj	_	_
3	pare	parere	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	che	che	SCONJ	CS	_	6	mark	_	_
5	siano	essere	VERB	V	Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	proposte	proposta	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	3	csubj	_	_
7	serie	serio	ADJ	A	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	6	amod	_	_
8	e	e	CONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
9	condivisibili	condivisibile	ADJ	A	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	FB	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	3	punct	_	_

---

conj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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