This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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vocative: vocative

The vocative relation is used to mark a dialogue participant addressed in a text (common in conversations, dialogue, emails, newsgroup postings, etc.). The relation links the addressee’s name to its host sentence.

If the nominal is clearly vocative in intent, it is preferable to use the vocative relation.

A vocative commonly co-occurs with a null subject.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This relation is universal.

107 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.

90 instances of vocative (84%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 7.28971962616822.

The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: VERB-NOUN (76; 71% instances), NOUN-NOUN (11; 10% instances), VERB-PROPN (5; 5% instances), ADJ-NOUN (4; 4% instances), INTJ-PROPN (3; 3% instances), PROPN-PROPN (2; 2% instances), ADJ-PROPN (1; 1% instances), ADV-NOUN (1; 1% instances), AUX-NOUN (1; 1% instances), NOUN-PROPN (1; 1% instances), PRON-PROPN (1; 1% instances), VERB-ADJ (1; 1% instances).


vocative in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]
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