vocative: vocative
The vocative relation is used to mark a dialogue participant addressed in a text (common in conversations, dialogue, emails, newsgroup postings, etc.).
The relation links the addressee’s name to its host sentence.
Carissimi , ho ricevuto con grande piacere la vostra lettera
vocative(ricevuto, Carissimi)
Signor presidente , onorevoli colleghi , buon anno e buon nuovo millennio .
vocative(anno, Signor)
vocative(anno, colleghi)
If the nominal is clearly vocative in intent, it is preferable to use the vocative relation.
Cittadini truffati da le piramidi , sostenete ci ancora e andate a protestare contro il Governo .
vocative(sostenete, Cittadini)
A vocative commonly co-occurs with a null subject.
" Chirac , ricorda ti Hiroshima "
vocative(ricorda, Chirac)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
This relation is universal.
107 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.
90 instances of vocative (84%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 7.28971962616822.
The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NOUN (76; 71% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/NOUN (11; 10% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PROPN (5; 5% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/NOUN (4; 4% instances), it-pos/INTJ-it-pos/PROPN (3; 3% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/PROPN (2; 2% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/AUX-it-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/ADJ (1; 1% instances).
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1 " " PUNCT FB _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 No no INTJ I _ 7 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 cattolici cattolico NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 vocative _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT FF _ 4 punct _ _
6 ci ci PRON PC Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Clit 7 dobj _ _
7 sposa sposare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
8 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 cardinale cardinale NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
10 Puljic Puljic PROPN SP _ 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
11 " " PUNCT FB _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT FS _ 7 punct _ _
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1 Onorevole onorevole ADJ A Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 collega collega NOUN S Number=Sing 6 vocative _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 sarà essere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
5 mia mio DET AP Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 det:poss _ _
6 cura cura NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
7 verificare verificare VERB V VerbForm=Inf 6 csubj _ _
8 tale tale DET DD Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 det _ _
9 punto punto NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT FS _ 6 punct _ _
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1 " " PUNCT FB _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
2 Chirac Chirac PROPN SP _ 4 vocative _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 ricorda ricordare VERB V Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
5 ti ti PRON PC Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Clit 4 expl _ _
6 Hiroshima Hiroshima PROPN SP _ 4 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 " " PUNCT FB _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT FS _ 4 punct _ _
vocative in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]