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Gender: gender

Masc: masculine gender

Nouns denoting male persons are masculine. Other nouns may be also grammatically masculine, without any relation to sex.

Examples

• castello “castle”

Fem: feminine gender

Nouns denoting female persons are feminine. Other nouns may be also grammatically feminine, without any relation to sex.

Examples

• nave “ship”

Neut: neuter gender

Not used.

Com: common gender

Not used.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 2 different values: Fem, Masc.

121048 tokens (41%) have a non-empty value of Gender. 14753 types (54%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Gender. 9877 lemmas (53%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Gender. The feature is used with 10 part-of-speech tags: it-pos/NOUN (56162; 19% instances), it-pos/DET (40762; 14% instances), it-pos/ADJ (11842; 4% instances), it-pos/VERB (8553; 3% instances), it-pos/PRON (3144; 1% instances), it-pos/AUX (576; 0% instances), it-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), it-pos/X (1; 0% instances).

NOUN

56162 it-pos/NOUN tokens (97% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (36671; 65%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (25176; 45% of non-empty Gender): città, parte, legge, società, persone, proprietà, attività, vita, servitù, autorità
• Masc (30986; 55% of non-empty Gender): anni, presidente, fondo, diritto, anno, film, proprietario, stato, caso, art.
• EMPTY (1895): presidente, onorevole, abitanti, grazie, rappresentanti, fronte, giovani, enfiteuta, leader, partecipanti

Paradigm proprietario	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	proprietario	proprietaria
Number=Plur	proprietari

Gender seems to be lexical feature of NOUN. 98% lemmas (6593) occur only with one value of Gender.

DET

40762 it-pos/DET tokens (86% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Gender co-occurred: PronType=Art (36883; 90%), Definite=Def (32325; 79%), Number=Sing (28606; 70%).

DET tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (17072; 42% of non-empty Gender): la, le, una, sua, un’, questa, sue, queste, tutte, molte
• Masc (23690; 58% of non-empty Gender): il, i, un, gli, lo, suo, questo, tutti, suoi, alcuni
• EMPTY (6786): l’, quale, ogni, loro, che, l’, qualche, tale, qualsiasi, quali

Paradigm il	Masc	Fem
		l’
Number=Sing|PronType=Art	il, lo, l’, l', i1, lu	la, l', l’, le, il
Number=Plur|PronType=Art	i, gli, il	le, l’

ADJ

11842 it-pos/ADJ tokens (63% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (7899; 67%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (5361; 45% of non-empty Gender): prima, italiana, altra, stessa, altre, europea, nuova, nuove, economica, alta
• Masc (6481; 55% of non-empty Gender): primo, nuovo, altri, altro, stesso, vero, europeo, secondo, pubblico, italiano
• EMPTY (6837): grande, presente, comune, ex, maggiore, possibile, sociale, nazionale, internazionale, importante

Paradigm altro	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	altro	altra
Number=Plur	altri	altre

VERB

8553 it-pos/VERB tokens (30% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Gender co-occurred: Mood=EMPTY (8553; 100%), Tense=Past (8553; 100%), Person=EMPTY (8553; 100%), VerbForm=Part (8552; 100%), Number=Sing (6277; 73%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (2577; 30% of non-empty Gender): stata, fatta, stabilite, dovuta, fatte, vista, considerata, costituita, fondata, nata
• Masc (5976; 70% of non-empty Gender): fatto, stato, visto, vinto, avuto, tenuto, detto, nato, dato, ricevuto
• EMPTY (20059): è, sono, ha, era, essere, hanno, fare, far, trova, fa

Paradigm essere	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	stato	stata
Number=Plur	stati	state

PRON

3144 it-pos/PRON tokens (28% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (2291; 73%), Person=EMPTY (1971; 63%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (766; 24% of non-empty Gender): la, le, quella, quelle, una, questa, essa, altra, esse, lei
• Masc (2378; 76% of non-empty Gender): lo, quello, uno, li, questo, gli, lui, tutto, ciò, tutti
• EMPTY (8113): si, che, chi, cui, ci, ne, qual, mi, c’, quale

Paradigm lo	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing|Person=3	lo, gli	la
Number=Sing	lo
Number=Plur|Person=3	li	le
Number=Plur		le
Person=3		le

AUX

576 it-pos/AUX tokens (7% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Gender co-occurred: Person=EMPTY (576; 100%), Tense=Past (576; 100%), VerbForm=Part (576; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (576; 100%), Number=Sing (423; 73%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (170; 30% of non-empty Gender): stata, state, potuta, andata, fatta
• Masc (406; 70% of non-empty Gender): stato, stati, potuto, dovuto, voluto, andato, fatto, potuti
• EMPTY (7506): è, ha, sono, può, hanno, essere, deve, possono, era, viene

Paradigm essere	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	stato	stata
Number=Plur	stati	state

ADP

4 it-pos/ADP tokens (0% of all ADP tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

ADP tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (2; 50% of non-empty Gender): alla, della
• Masc (2; 50% of non-empty Gender): del, du
• EMPTY (44541): di, a, in, da, per, con, su, come, ad, tra

Paradigm del	Masc	Fem
	del	della

PROPN

3 it-pos/PROPN tokens (0% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

PROPN tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (3; 100% of non-empty Gender): Ceca, Repubblica, hye
• EMPTY (14757): Italia, Shakespeare, Balzac, Europa, Roma, Stati, Uniti, San, Albania, Marco

X

1 it-pos/X tokens (1% of all X tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

X tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Masc (1; 100% of non-empty Gender): mixer
• EMPTY (183): a, b, c, f, Damage, ad, de, home, la, Come

ADV

1 it-pos/ADV tokens (0% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and Gender co-occurred: PronType=EMPTY (1; 100%).

ADV tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Masc (1; 100% of non-empty Gender): pochissimo
• EMPTY (11223): non, più, anche, dove, come, quando, solo, sempre, prima, poi

Relations with Agreement in Gender

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Gender: NOUN –[det]–> DET (33279; 84%), NOUN –[amod]–> ADJ (9387; 63%), NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (2390; 55%), NOUN –[acl]–> VERB (1993; 64%), VERB –[nsubjpass]–> NOUN (1461; 81%), NOUN –[det:poss]–> DET (1452; 80%), VERB –[conj]–> VERB (457; 51%), ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (368; 53%), NOUN –[det:predet]–> DET (354; 96%), ADJ –[nsubj]–> NOUN (349; 57%).

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