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NUM: numeral

Definition

A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction.

Note that cardinal numerals are covered by NUM whether they are used as determiners or not (as in Windows 7) and whether they are expressed as words (четыре), digits (4) or Roman numerals (IV).

Russian grammar distinguishes several subclasses of pronominal numerals (quantifiers): interrogative and relative (сколько  “how many”); demonstrative (столько  “this many”); indefinite (несколько  “several”). These words behave similarly to (most) cardinal numbers, e.g. they require that the counted noun phrase be in Genitive. They are not similar to adjectives (unlike their English counterparts).

In addition, several types of (non-pronominal) numerals, such as ordinal numerals and multiplicative numerals, are tagged ADJ or ADV, based on their syntactic and morphological behavior.

Examples

Counterexamples

Border cases


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

There are 683 NUM lemmas (4%), 728 NUM types (2%) and 2028 NUM tokens (2%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of NUM is: 6 in number of lemmas, 6 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent NUM lemmas: ОДИН, ДВА, НЕСКОЛЬКО, ТРИ, 2, 1, 10, ЧЕТЫРЕ, 4, 3

The 10 most frequent NUM types: 2, два, один, несколько, 1, двух, 10, 4, три, 3

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ОДИН (NUM 185, ADV 1), НЕСКОЛЬКО (NUM 68, ADV 5), ТРИ (NUM 58, ADV 1), 2 (NUM 55, ADV 23, ADJ 9), 1 (NUM 43, ADJ 33, ADV 19), 10 (NUM 40, ADJ 14, ADV 8), 4 (NUM 35, ADJ 14, ADV 13), 3 (NUM 31, ADV 13, ADJ 8), 5 (NUM 29, ADJ 9, ADV 5), МНОГО (NUM 29, ADV 9)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: 2 (NUM 55, ADV 23, ADJ 9), один (NUM 42, ADV 1), несколько (NUM 41, ADV 5), 1 (NUM 43, ADJ 33, ADV 19), 10 (NUM 40, ADJ 14, ADV 8), 4 (NUM 35, ADJ 14, ADV 13), три (NUM 29, ADV 1), 3 (NUM 30, ADV 13, ADJ 8), 5 (NUM 29, ADJ 9, ADV 5), 20 (NUM 24, ADJ 12, ADV 11)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of NUM is 1.065886 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.591757).

The 1st highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “ОДИН”: один, одна, одним, одних, одно, одного, одной, одном, одному, одну.

The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “ДВА”: два, две, двум, двумя, двух.

The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “МНОГО”: более, больше, многим, многих, много.

NUM occurs with 5 features: Case (2026; 100% instances), Animacy (1013; 50% instances), Gender (601; 30% instances), Number (316; 16% instances), Degree (2; 0% instances)

NUM occurs with 14 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim, Animacy=Inan, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Degree=Cmp, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing

NUM occurs with 82 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom (470 tokens). Examples: один, 1, 10, 2, 5, два, 0, несколько, 16, 4

Relations

NUM nodes are attached to their parents using 20 different relations: nummod:gov (845; 42% instances), nummod (520; 26% instances), nummod:entity (125; 6% instances), nmod (92; 5% instances), root (83; 4% instances), list (68; 3% instances), appos (64; 3% instances), conj (57; 3% instances), compound (53; 3% instances), amod (26; 1% instances), nsubj (21; 1% instances), dobj (17; 1% instances), parataxis (15; 1% instances), advmod (11; 1% instances), goeswith (10; 0% instances), remnant (9; 0% instances), nsubjpass (5; 0% instances), iobj (4; 0% instances), acl (2; 0% instances), ccomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of NUM nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: NOUN (1562; 77% instances), VERB (102; 5% instances), NUM (92; 5% instances), ROOT (83; 4% instances), SYM (83; 4% instances), PROPN (63; 3% instances), ADJ (28; 1% instances), ADP (5; 0% instances), ADV (4; 0% instances), PRON (3; 0% instances), PUNCT (3; 0% instances)

1593 (79%) NUM nodes are leaves.

200 (10%) NUM nodes have one child.

108 (5%) NUM nodes have two children.

127 (6%) NUM nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a NUM node is 10.

Children of NUM nodes are attached using 24 different relations: punct (338; 36% instances), nmod (155; 17% instances), nsubj (82; 9% instances), case (69; 7% instances), conj (57; 6% instances), advmod (51; 5% instances), cc (27; 3% instances), cop (27; 3% instances), discourse (27; 3% instances), goeswith (25; 3% instances), appos (12; 1% instances), neg (12; 1% instances), remnant (11; 1% instances), list (9; 1% instances), parataxis (8; 1% instances), nummod (7; 1% instances), amod (4; 0% instances), compound (4; 0% instances), nummod:gov (3; 0% instances), advcl (2; 0% instances), det (2; 0% instances), acl (1; 0% instances), dobj (1; 0% instances), iobj (1; 0% instances)

Children of NUM nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PUNCT (340; 36% instances), NOUN (223; 24% instances), NUM (92; 10% instances), ADP (71; 8% instances), ADV (66; 7% instances), VERB (35; 4% instances), CONJ (27; 3% instances), PART (27; 3% instances), PROPN (15; 2% instances), PRON (12; 1% instances), SYM (12; 1% instances), ADJ (8; 1% instances), DET (6; 1% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

There are 1220 NUM lemmas (3%), 1314 NUM types (1%) and 16014 NUM tokens (2%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of NUM is: 6 in number of lemmas, 6 in number of types and 13 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent NUM lemmas: один, два, несколько, три, 1, 10, 20, 2, пять, четыре

The 10 most frequent NUM types: один, несколько, два, три, 1, одной, 10, двух, 20, 2

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: один (NUM 1927, ADJ 575, NOUN 1), несколько (NUM 739, ADV 90), 6 (NUM 145, NOUN 1), пол (NUM 79, NOUN 69, PROPN 16), 2005 (NUM 66, NOUN 1), i (NUM 22, PROPN 5, X 3), 2012 (NUM 21, NOUN 1), x (NUM 9, PUNCT 2, PROPN 2), v (NUM 5, PROPN 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: один (NUM 493, ADJ 98), несколько (NUM 531, ADV 82), одной (NUM 321, ADJ 79), 10 (NUM 324, ADJ 1), одного (NUM 192, ADJ 55), одна (NUM 154, ADJ 56), одно (NUM 131, ADJ 50), одним (NUM 125, ADJ 22), одну (NUM 109, ADJ 18), одном (NUM 112, ADJ 23)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of NUM is 1.077049 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.665758).

The 1st highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “один”: один, одна, одни, одним, одними, одно, одного, одной, одном, одному, одну.

The 2nd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “оба”: оба, обе, обеим, обеими, обеих, обоим, обоими, обоих.

The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “три”: трем, тремя, трех, три, трём, трёх.

NUM occurs with 3 features: Case (6012; 38% instances), Gender (2875; 18% instances), Animacy (1420; 9% instances)

NUM occurs with 11 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim, Animacy=Inan, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut

NUM occurs with 31 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (10002 tokens). Examples: 1, 10, 20, 2, 15, 5, 3, 30, 4, 100

Relations

NUM nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: nummod (11751; 73% instances), nummod:gov (3536; 22% instances), nsubj (346; 2% instances), root (177; 1% instances), conj (138; 1% instances), nsubjpass (42; 0% instances), dep (10; 0% instances), advmod (9; 0% instances), advcl (4; 0% instances), acl (1; 0% instances)

Parents of NUM nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: NOUN (11519; 72% instances), VERB (1480; 9% instances), NUM (1153; 7% instances), SYM (833; 5% instances), PROPN (564; 4% instances), ADJ (211; 1% instances), ROOT (177; 1% instances), ADV (48; 0% instances), PRON (14; 0% instances), SCONJ (7; 0% instances), X (4; 0% instances), CONJ (2; 0% instances), PART (2; 0% instances)

10887 (68%) NUM nodes are leaves.

2873 (18%) NUM nodes have one child.

1692 (11%) NUM nodes have two children.

562 (4%) NUM nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a NUM node is 18.

Children of NUM nodes are attached using 22 different relations: punct (2443; 30% instances), nmod (1820; 22% instances), advmod (987; 12% instances), nummod (937; 11% instances), case (786; 10% instances), amod (334; 4% instances), conj (197; 2% instances), cc (162; 2% instances), nsubj (132; 2% instances), parataxis (131; 2% instances), nummod:gov (128; 2% instances), neg (49; 1% instances), appos (47; 1% instances), acl:relcl (19; 0% instances), mark (15; 0% instances), foreign (7; 0% instances), advcl (5; 0% instances), acl (2; 0% instances), compound (2; 0% instances), cop (2; 0% instances), mwe (2; 0% instances), iobj (1; 0% instances)

Children of NUM nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PUNCT (2443; 30% instances), NOUN (1878; 23% instances), NUM (1153; 14% instances), ADP (785; 10% instances), ADV (611; 7% instances), PART (454; 6% instances), ADJ (411; 5% instances), CONJ (158; 2% instances), VERB (121; 1% instances), PRON (90; 1% instances), PROPN (64; 1% instances), SCONJ (22; 0% instances), SYM (17; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


NUM in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]