This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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X: other

Definition

The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.

A special usage of X is for cases of code-switching where it is not possible (or meaningful) to analyze the intervening language grammatically (and where the dependency relation foreign is typically used in the syntactic analysis). This rarely applies to the PDT data where many foreign words are tagged with their original part of speech.

Even if foreign words are tagged X, this usage does not extend to ordinary loan words which should be assigned a normal part-of-speech. For example, in Он надел килт  “He put on kilt”, килт is an ordinary NOUN.

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

There are 2 X lemmas (0%), 2 X types (0%) and 3 X tokens (0%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of X is: 16 in number of lemmas, 16 in number of types and 16 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent X lemmas: ​, С

The 10 most frequent X types: ​, с

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: С (ADP 952, NOUN 5, X 1, ADV 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: с (ADP 837, NOUN 2, X 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of X is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.591757).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “С”: с.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “​”: .

X does not occur with any features.

Relations

X nodes are attached to their parents using 2 different relations: amod (2; 67% instances), appos (1; 33% instances)

Parents of X nodes belong to 2 different parts of speech: NOUN (2; 67% instances), PROPN (1; 33% instances)

2 (67%) X nodes are leaves.

0 (0%) X nodes have one child.

1 (33%) X nodes have two children.

The highest child degree of a X node is 2.

Children of X nodes are attached using 1 different relations: punct (2; 100% instances)

Children of X nodes belong to 1 different parts of speech: PUNCT (2; 100% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

There are 368 X lemmas (1%), 367 X types (0%) and 512 X tokens (0%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of X is: 7 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 16 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent X lemmas: and, of, in, the, for, mignews.com, di, money, pylori, ultrabrain

The 10 most frequent X types: and, of, in, the, for, MIGNews.com, di, money, pylori, ultrabrain

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: and (X 17, PROPN 1), in (X 8, PROPN 1), the (PROPN 11, X 8), ultrabrain (X 4, PROPN 3), а (CONJ 5152, PROPN 13, X 4, INTJ 4, PART 3, NOUN 1), daily (PROPN 6, X 3), de (X 3, PROPN 2), g (PROPN 3, X 3), i (NUM 22, PROPN 5, X 3), space (PROPN 3, X 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: а (CONJ 3422, X 4, INTJ 2, PART 1), б (PART 14, X 3), и (CONJ 21962, PART 4371, X 3), аль (PART 9, X 2), * (PUNCT 1, X 1), Black&Decker (X 1, NOUN 1), robots.txt (NOUN 5, X 1), ТНК-BP (PROPN 1, X 1), англ (ADJ 2, X 1), бух (INTJ 1, X 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of X is 0.997283 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.665758).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “*”: *.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “12:04”: 12:04.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “15.08.2008”: 15.08.2008.

X does not occur with any features.

Relations

X nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: foreign (363; 71% instances), appos (78; 15% instances), nsubj (18; 4% instances), dep (13; 3% instances), nmod (10; 2% instances), parataxis (10; 2% instances), conj (6; 1% instances), advmod (5; 1% instances), mwe (2; 0% instances), nsubjpass (2; 0% instances), root (2; 0% instances), advcl (1; 0% instances), compound (1; 0% instances), name (1; 0% instances)

Parents of X nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: NOUN (169; 33% instances), X (138; 27% instances), PROPN (135; 26% instances), VERB (50; 10% instances), ADJ (15; 3% instances), ROOT (2; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)

82 (16%) X nodes are leaves.

258 (50%) X nodes have one child.

95 (19%) X nodes have two children.

77 (15%) X nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a X node is 9.

Children of X nodes are attached using 16 different relations: punct (360; 50% instances), foreign (183; 26% instances), appos (45; 6% instances), parataxis (35; 5% instances), case (25; 4% instances), amod (21; 3% instances), cc (14; 2% instances), conj (7; 1% instances), nmod (6; 1% instances), advmod (4; 1% instances), mark (4; 1% instances), nummod (4; 1% instances), mwe (2; 0% instances), cop (1; 0% instances), neg (1; 0% instances), nsubj (1; 0% instances)

Children of X nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PUNCT (360; 50% instances), X (138; 19% instances), PROPN (91; 13% instances), NOUN (37; 5% instances), ADP (25; 4% instances), ADJ (22; 3% instances), CONJ (16; 2% instances), VERB (9; 1% instances), NUM (4; 1% instances), PART (4; 1% instances), SCONJ (3; 0% instances), ADV (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), PRON (1; 0% instances)


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