This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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root: root

The root grammatical relation points to the root of the sentence. A fake node ROOT is used as the governor. The ROOT node is indexed with 0, since the indexing of real words in the sentence starts at 1.

There is just one node with the root dependency relation in every tree. If the main predicate is not present (due to ellipsis) and there are multiple orphaned dependents, the leftmost dependent is promoted to the head (root) position and the other orphans are attached to it.

An example sentence-like segment that lacks the main verb: И что он на это ? “And what [does] he [say] to it?”


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

This relation is universal.

5030 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as root.

5030 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 5.9558648111332.

The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: ru-pos/ROOT-VERB (3726; 74% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-NOUN (873; 17% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-ADJ (241; 5% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-NUM (83; 2% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-PROPN (51; 1% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-ADP (37; 1% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-ADV (15; 0% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-SYM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-DET (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-PRON (1; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

This relation is universal.

60551 nodes (6%) are attached to their parents as root.

60551 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 5.81699724199435.

The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: ru-pos/ROOT-VERB (43381; 72% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-NOUN (7329; 12% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-ADJ (6271; 10% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-ADV (2457; 4% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-PRON (335; 1% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-PROPN (310; 1% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-PART (246; 0% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-NUM (177; 0% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-INTJ (21; 0% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-SYM (17; 0% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-SCONJ (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/ROOT-X (2; 0% instances).


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