nmod: nominal modifier
The nmod relation is used for nominal modifiers. They depend either
on another noun (group “noun dependents”) or on a predicate (group
“non-core dependents of clausal predicates”).
nmod is a noun (or noun phrase) functioning as a
non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct.
This means that it functionally corresponds to an adverbial when it attaches to a verb, adjective or other adverb.
But when attaching to a noun, it usually corresponds to a non-agreeing attribute in genitive.
In Russian the nmod relation covers only those possessives that are expressed using the genitive.
If a possessive adjective is used, the relation is labeled amod.
If a possessive determiner (pronoun) is used, the relation is labeled det.
карта студента \n card of-student
nmod(карта, студента)
nmod(card, of-student)
студенческая карта \n student's card
amod(карта, студенческая)
amod(card, student's)
его карта \n his card
det(карта, его)
det(card, his)
nmod is also used for temporal nominal modifiers:
Последний раз мы разговаривали зимой . \n Last time we talked in-winter .
nmod(разговаривали, зимой)
nmod(talked, in-winter)
Agreeing attribute of a noun
nmod noun phrases attached to nouns are usually in the genitive ru-feat/Case and follow the modified noun.
However, there is also a different kind of nmod that precedes the modified noun and agrees with it in case and number.
A typical example is a title attached to a name of a person. The relation is similar to the name relation
that links the first and the last name, but it is not labeled name because the title is not part of the name:
российский президент Владимир Владимирович Путин \n Russian president Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin
amod(президент, российский)
amod(president, Russian)
nmod(Владимир, президент)
nmod(Vladimir, president)
name(Владимир, Путин)
name(Vladimir, Putin)
name(Владимир, Владимирович)
name(Vladimir, Vladimirovich)
Note that the same thing can be also expressed using an apposition. In the case of apposition, the title follows the modified name and is separated by a punctuation symbol:
Владимир Путин , российский президент \n Vladimir Putin , Russian president
name(Владимир, Путин)
name(Vladimir, Putin)
punct(президент, ,-3)
punct(president, ,-9)
amod(президент, российский)
amod(president, Russian)
appos(Владимир, президент)
appos(Vladimir, president)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of nmod: nmod:agent.
19199 nodes (19%) are attached to their parents as nmod.
15829 instances of nmod (82%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.85858638470754.
The following 75 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NOUN (8562; 45% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NOUN (5771; 30% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PROPN (1658; 9% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PROPN (569; 3% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PRON (422; 2% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/NOUN (398; 2% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NOUN (332; 2% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADJ (186; 1% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PROPN (179; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PRON (136; 1% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NOUN (129; 1% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/NOUN (122; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NOUN (102; 1% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADJ (90; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NUM (41; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PRON (35; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/NOUN (35; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PROPN (31; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NUM (29; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/SYM (28; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/PROPN (27; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PRON (27; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADJ (22; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADV (19; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PROPN (16; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/DET (15; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADP (14; 0% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/NOUN (13; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/VERB (12; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADV (12; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/DET (11; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/PRON (10; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADJ (10; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADV (9; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NUM (9; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/PRON (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/NOUN (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADJ (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/VERB (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/NUM (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADP (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/PROPN (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/SYM (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NUM (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/CONJ-ru-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PUNCT (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PUNCT (1; 0% instances).
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1 С С ADP IN _ 2 case _ _
2 запада ЗАПАД NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
3 к К ADP IN _ 4 case _ _
4 храму ХРАМ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
5 примыкала ПРИМЫКАТЬ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
6 трапезная ТРАПЕЗНЫЙ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Variant=Full 7 amod _ _
7 часть ЧАСТЬ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
8 с С ADP IN _ 9 case _ _
9 колокольней КОЛОКОЛЬНЯ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
10 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _
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1 С С ADP IN _ 2 case _ _
2 запада ЗАПАД NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
3 к К ADP IN _ 4 case _ _
4 храму ХРАМ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
5 примыкала ПРИМЫКАТЬ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
6 трапезная ТРАПЕЗНЫЙ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Variant=Full 7 amod _ _
7 часть ЧАСТЬ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
8 с С ADP IN _ 9 case _ _
9 колокольней КОЛОКОЛЬНЯ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
10 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _
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1 Палата ПАЛАТА NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
2 депутатов ДЕПУТАТ NOUN NN Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _
3 ( ( PUNCT ( _ 2 punct _ _
4 ) ) PUNCT ) _ 2 punct _ _
5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _
6 нижняя НИЖНИЙ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Variant=Full 7 amod _ _
7 палата ПАЛАТА NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
8 парламента ПАРЛАМЕНТ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
9 Чили ЧИЛИ PROPN NNP Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
10 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of nmod: nmod:agent.
179486 nodes (17%) are attached to their parents as nmod.
145651 instances of nmod (81%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.53916182877773.
The following 72 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NOUN (74168; 41% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NOUN (61461; 34% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PROPN (10392; 6% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PRON (6614; 4% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NOUN (4667; 3% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PROPN (4354; 2% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADJ (3346; 2% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NOUN (2314; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PRON (1825; 1% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NOUN (1638; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADJ (1557; 1% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/NOUN (1414; 1% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PROPN (1172; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PRON (940; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADJ (428; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADV (401; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/SYM (367; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PROPN (317; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/NOUN (316; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PRON (217; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/VERB (186; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PROPN (178; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/SYM (144; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADV (140; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/NOUN (137; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADJ (126; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADJ (78; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/PRON (73; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/VERB (62; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/PROPN (41; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/PRON (38; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/ADJ (33; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/PROPN (31; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/SYM (26; 0% instances), ru-pos/CONJ-ru-pos/NOUN (25; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/ADJ (23; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADV (21; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/SYM (15; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/PROPN (14; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/PRON (14; 0% instances), ru-pos/SCONJ-ru-pos/NOUN (14; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADJ (13; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADV (11; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/VERB (10; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/X (10; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/SYM (10; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PART (9; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADV (9; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/VERB (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/VERB (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/SYM (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/ADV (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PRON (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/NOUN (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/PART (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PART (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/SCONJ (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/INTJ-ru-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/CONJ (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/SCONJ-ru-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SCONJ-ru-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SCONJ-ru-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances).
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1 Определения определение NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur 0 root _ _
2 алгоритма алгоритм NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _
3 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _
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1 Именно именно PART _ _ 4 advmod _ _
2 в в ADP _ _ 4 case _ _
3 таком такой DET _ Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 4 det _ _
4 значении значение NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _
5 оно оно PRON _ _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 вошло входить VERB _ Aspect=Perf|Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
7 во в ADP _ _ 10 case _ _
8 многие многие ADJ _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 10 amod _ _
9 европейские европейский ADJ _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 10 amod _ _
10 языки язык NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _
11 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
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1 1811 1811 NUM _ _ 0 root _ _
2 - - PUNCT - _ 1 punct _ _
3 Первое первый ADJ _ Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 4 amod _ _
4 восхождение восхождение NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ _
5 на на ADP _ _ 6 case _ _
6 вершину вершина NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
7 Юнгфрау юнгфрау PROPN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _
8 в в ADP _ _ 10 case _ _
9 Бернских бернский ADJ _ Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 10 amod _ _
10 Альпах альпы PROPN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _
11 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _
nmod in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]