case: case marking
The case relation is used for case-marking elements. These elements are treated as dependents of the noun or clause they attach to or introduce.
# visual-style 12 11 case color:blue
# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
1 our our PRON PRON _ 2 nmod:poss _ _
2 work work NOUN NOUN _ 3 nsubj _ _
3 na be VERB PART _ 0 root _ _
4 to to ADP ADP _ 5 mark _ _
5 ensure ensure VERB VERB _ 3 ccomp _ _
6 sey that SCONJ SCONJ _ 10 mark _ _
7 accident accident NOUN NOUN _ 10 nsubj _ _
8 no not PART PART _ 10 advmod _ _
9 too too ADV ADV _ 10 advmod _ _
10 happen happen VERB VERB _ 5 ccomp _ _
11 for for ADP ADP _ 12 case _ _
12 road road NOUN NOUN _ 10 obl:ad _ _
1 our _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 work _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 be _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 to _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 ensure _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 that _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 accident _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 not _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 too _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
10 happen _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
11 on _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
12 road _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
1 our _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 work _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 is _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 to _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 ensure _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 that _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 accidents _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 do _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 not _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
10 frequently _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
11 happen _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
12 on _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
13 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
14 road _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Naija also uses case for verbal predicates when the adposition plays the same role that it would play for a nominal head. In the example below, “sey I no go dey around” could be replaced by the noun “wahala” (a problem) without affecting the behavior of the adposition “like”.
# visual-style 10 5 case color:blue
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
1 but but CCONJ CCONJ _ 4 cc _ _
2 im he PRON PRON _ 4 nsubj _ _
3 come come AUX VERB _ 4 aux _ _
4 be be VERB PART _ 0 root _ _
5 like like ADP ADP _ 10 case _ _
6 sey that SCONJ SCONJ _ 10 mark _ _
7 I I PRON PRON _ 10 nsubj _ _
8 no not PART PART _ 10 advmod _ _
9 go go AUX VERB _ 10 aux _ _
10 dey be VERB PART _ 4 parataxis:obj _ _
11 around around ADV ADV _ 10 advmod _ _
1 but _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 it _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 REAL _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 be _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 like _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 that _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 not _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 PROSP _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
10 be _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
11 around _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
1 but _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 it _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 seems _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 like _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 won't _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 be _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 around _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
case in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]