case

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`case`: case marking

The case relation is used for adpositions.



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
# visual-style 6 7 case	color:blue
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
1	a	à	PRON	_	_	5	nsubj	_	_
2	ni	ni	CCONJ	_	_	3	cc	_	_
3	musokòrònin	mùsokɔrɔnin	NOUN	_	_	1	conj	_	_
4	dò	dɔ́	DET	_	_	3	det	_	_
5	bènna	bɛnna	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	_
6	sira	síra	NOUN	_	_	5	obl	_	_
7	rò	rɔ́	ADP	_	_	6	case	_	_
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "CCONJ", [ [ 2, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 5, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "DET", [ [ 19, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "VERB", [ [ 23, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "NOUN", [ [ 30, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "ADP", [ [ 35, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "PUNCT", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R1", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R2", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R3", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R4", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R5", "obl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R6", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R7", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: à" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ni" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: mùsokɔrɔnin" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: dɔ́" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: bɛnna" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: síra" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: rɔ́" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ] ],
    "styles": [ [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "embedded-1-S1-T7", "case" ], "color", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "fgColor", "white" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ],
    "text": "a ni musokòrònin dò bènna sira rò .",
    "error": false
}

‘He and an old woman met on the road’.

In Bamana, the majority of adpositions are postpositions, but there are some prepositions as well. These are kàbi, ~ kàbíni ‘since’, fo, ~ fɔ, ‘till, ni, and àní, ‘with’.



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
# visual-style 2 1 case	color:blue
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
1	kabini	kàbini	ADP	_	_	2	case	_	_
2	o	ò	PRON	_	_	9	obl	_	_
3	rò	rɔ́	ADP	_	_	2	case	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	2	punct	_	_
5	o	ò	PRON	_	_	9	nsubj	_	_
6	de	dè	DET	_	_	5	det	_	_
7	ye	ye	AUX	_	_	9	aux	_	_
8	a	à	PRON	_	_	9	obj	_	_
9	bò	bɔ́	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	_
10	dunya	dúniya	NOUN	_	_	9	obl	_	_
11	rò	rɔ́	ADP	_	_	10	case	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "ADP", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "PRON", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "ADP", [ [ 9, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "PUNCT", [ [ 13, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "PRON", [ [ 15, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "DET", [ [ 17, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "AUX", [ [ 20, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T8", "PRON", [ [ 23, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T9", "VERB", [ [ 25, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T10", "NOUN", [ [ 29, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T11", "ADP", [ [ 35, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T12", "PUNCT", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R0", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R1", "obl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R4", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R5", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R6", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R7", "obj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R8", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R9", "obl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R10", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T11" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R11", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T12" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: kàbini" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ò" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: rɔ́" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ," ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ò" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: dè" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ye" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: à" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: bɔ́" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: dúniya" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: rɔ́" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T12", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ] ],
    "styles": [ [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "embedded-2-S1-T1", "case" ], "color", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ],
    "text": "kabini o rò , o de ye a bò dunya rò .",
    "error": true
}

‘After that, she gave birth to it (lit: Since that, she make it go away to the world)’.

All these prepositions are conjunctions as well, if they introduce a clause.

# visual-style 3 1 mark color:blue
# visual-style 3        bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3        fgColor:white
# visual-style 1        bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1        fgColor:white
1	kabini	kàbini	SCONJ	_	_	3	mark	_	_
2	o	ò	PRON	_	_	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bòra	bɔra	VERB	_	_	8	advcl	_	_
4	a	à	PRON	_	_	3	obl	_	_
5	la	lá	ADP	_	_	4	case	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3	punct	_	_
7	a	à	PRON	_	_	8	nsubj	_	_
8	bè	bɛ́	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	_
9	o	ò	DET	_	_	10	det	_	_
10	nò	nɔ̀	NOUN	_	_	8	obl	_	_
11	na	ná	ADP	_	_	10	case	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8	punct	_	_

‘Since it happened, it is so (traditional way to end a fairy tail)’.

case in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

case: case marking

`case`: case marking