case: case marking
The case relation is used for adpositions.
# visual-style 6 7 case color:blue
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
1 a à PRON _ _ 5 nsubj _ _
2 ni ni CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ _
3 musokòrònin mùsokɔrɔnin NOUN _ _ 1 conj _ _
4 dò dɔ́ DET _ _ 3 det _ _
5 bènna bɛnna VERB _ _ 0 root _ _
6 sira síra NOUN _ _ 5 obl _ _
7 rò rɔ́ ADP _ _ 6 case _ _
8 . . PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
‘He and an old woman met on the road’.
In Bamana, the majority of adpositions are postpositions, but there are some prepositions as well. These are kàbi, ~ kàbíni ‘since’, fo, ~ fɔ, ‘till, ni, and àní, ‘with’.
# visual-style 2 1 case color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
1 kabini kàbini ADP _ _ 2 case _ _
2 o ò PRON _ _ 9 obl _ _
3 rò rɔ́ ADP _ _ 2 case _ _
4 , , PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
5 o ò PRON _ _ 9 nsubj _ _
6 de dè DET _ _ 5 det _ _
7 ye ye AUX _ _ 9 aux _ _
8 a à PRON _ _ 9 obj _ _
9 bò bɔ́ VERB _ _ 0 root _ _
10 dunya dúniya NOUN _ _ 9 obl _ _
11 rò rɔ́ ADP _ _ 10 case _ _
12 . . PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ _
‘After that, she gave birth to it (lit: Since that, she make it go away to the world)’.
All these prepositions are conjunctions as well, if they introduce a clause.
# visual-style 3 1 mark color:blue
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
1 kabini kàbini SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ _
2 o ò PRON _ _ 3 nsubj _ _
3 bòra bɔra VERB _ _ 8 advcl _ _
4 a à PRON _ _ 3 obl _ _
5 la lá ADP _ _ 4 case _ _
6 , , PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
7 a à PRON _ _ 8 nsubj _ _
8 bè bɛ́ VERB _ _ 0 root _ _
9 o ò DET _ _ 10 det _ _
10 nò nɔ̀ NOUN _ _ 8 obl _ _
11 na ná ADP _ _ 10 case _ _
12 . . PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ _
‘Since it happened, it is so (traditional way to end a fairy tail)’.
case in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [yue] [zh]