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case: case marking

The case relation is used for any preposition in English. Prepositions are treated as dependents of the noun they attach to or introduce in an “extended nominal projection”. Thus, contrary to SD, UD abandons treating a preposition as a mediator between a modified word and its object. The case relation aims at providing a uniform analysis of prepositions and case in morphologically rich languages. In English, subordinating conjunctions introducing clauses are often in the form of prepositions. However, they are given a different dependency: The relation mark is used for markers in an “extended clausal projection”.

The case relation is also used for the possessive clitic ‘s in English, which we separate from what it modifies, because it acts as a phrasal clitic, as shown in the last example.

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I saw a cat in a hat
case(hat, in)
{
    "text": "I saw a cat in a hat ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 2, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 12, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 15, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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I saw a cat with a telescope
case(telescope, with)
{
    "text": "I saw a cat with a telescope ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 2, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 12, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 17, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 19, 28 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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He is responsible for meals
case(meals, for)
{
    "text": "He is responsible for meals ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 22, 27 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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The school 's grounds
case(school, 's)
{
    "text": "The school 's grounds ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 21 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

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The head of school 's speech
case(head, 's)
case(school, of)
nmod(speech, head)
{
    "text": "The head of school 's speech ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 28 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R3", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

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case in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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