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case: case marking

The dependency type case is used for the postposition in postpositional phrases. The head of a postpositional phrase is the nominal, not the postposition, so as to analyse postpositional phrases similarly to nominal modifiers without a postposition. (Such nominal modifiers are frequent in Kazakh, as cases are often used for the same purpose as postpositions.) To the same end, the type case is used in combination with the types nmod and obl, which are also used for nominal modifiers when no adposition is present (see nmod and obl).

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Азамат ағашқа қарай жүгірді . \n Azamat tree-to towards ran .
nsubj(жүгірді-4, Азамат-1)
case(ағашқа-2, қарай-3)
punct(жүгірді-4, .-5)
obl(жүгірді-4, ағашқа-2)
{
    "text": "Азамат ағашқа қарай жүгірді . \n Azamat tree-to towards ran . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 20, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 28, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 32, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 39, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 47, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 55, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 59, 60 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "obl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Note that case is not used with auxiliary nouns (sometimes called “postpositions”) in the form of N¹.gen N².poss.case, for those nmod should be used (following treatment in English of prepositional constructions like “in front of”).

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Айгүл бақшаның ішінде ақырын басып жүр . \n Aygül garden-of inside-in quietly walking is .
nsubj(басып-5, Айгүл-1)
nmod:poss(ішінде-3, бақшаның-2)
obl(басып-5, ішінде-3)
advmod(басып-5, ақырын-4)
aux(басып-5, жүр-6)
punct(басып-5, .-7)
{
    "text": "Айгүл бақшаның ішінде ақырын басып жүр . \n Aygül garden-of inside-in quietly walking is . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 15, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 22, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 29, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 35, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 43, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 49, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 59, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 69, 76 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 77, 84 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 85, 87 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 88, 89 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "nmod:poss", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "obl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R5", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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case in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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