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case: case marking

Russian uses a combination of oblique morphological cases and prepositions to express semantic case. Prepositions in UD are treated as dependents of the noun they attach to. The relation between the nominal and the preposition is labeled case.

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В пятницу.Acc по дороге.Dat к деревне.Dat мы разговаривали o событии.Loc . \n On Friday during the-journey to the-village we talked about the-event .
case(пятницу.Acc, В)
case(Friday, On)
case(дороге.Dat, по)
case(the-journey, during)
case(деревне.Dat, к)
case(the-village, to)
case(событии.Loc, o)
case(the-event, about)
{
    "text": "В пятницу.Acc по дороге.Dat к деревне.Dat мы разговаривали o событии.Loc . \n On Friday during the-journey to the-village we talked about the-event . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 2, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 28, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 30, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 42, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 45, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 59, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 61, 72 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 73, 74 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 77, 79 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 80, 86 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 87, 93 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T16", "token", [ [ 94, 105 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T17", "token", [ [ 106, 108 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T18", "token", [ [ 109, 120 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T19", "token", [ [ 121, 123 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T20", "token", [ [ 124, 130 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T21", "token", [ [ 131, 136 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T22", "token", [ [ 137, 146 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T23", "token", [ [ 147, 148 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T14" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T13" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T16" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T15" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R5", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R6", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T18" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T17" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R7", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R8", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T22" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T21" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

The postpositive use of ради “for“ is also labeled case.

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Бога ради \n for God's sake
case(Бога, ради)
case(sake, for)
{
    "text": "Бога ради \n for God's sake ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 16, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 26 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

The staked prepositions are usually written as one token in Russian. Whould they be written separately in electronic communication or in texts written in old orpthography, they should be labeled either goeswith or fixed.

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из-за меня \n because-of me
case(меня, из-за)
case(me, because-of)
{
    "text": "из-за меня \n because-of me ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 24, 26 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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из за меня \n because of me
case(меня, из)
case(me, because)
goeswith(из, за)
goeswith(because, of)
{
    "text": "из за меня \n because of me ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 13, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 24, 26 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R3", "goeswith", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R4", "goeswith", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

In the comparative construction, the subordinate conjunction чем “than“ that attaches the nominal phrase is labeled case as well. If it is a prepositional nominal phrase, both prepositions are attached to the head of the nominal phrase.

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лучше, чем на кухне \n better than in the-kitchen
case(кухне, чем)
case(the-kitchen, than)
case(кухне, на)
case(the-kitchen, in)
{
    "text": "лучше, чем на кухне \n better than in the-kitchen ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 29, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 34, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T9", "token", [ [ 37, 48 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R3", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R4", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

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case in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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