Mood: verbal mood
This feature takes the following values:
| Values: | Imp | Ind | Nec | Opt | Sub |
Only finite verb forms of the so-called present stem are marked for mood. The members of an analytic formation are annotated individually (e.g. optative particle + verb in the indicative).
Imp: Imperative mood
The imperative mood has two distinct forms for the 2nd person. An order to a 3rd person is expressed by means of the necessitative.
The imperative is negated by the prohibitive particle ma.
Examples:
|imperative|singular|plural| |—|—|—| |”go!”|raw|rawēd|
Ind: Indicative mood
The indicative mood is the neutral form of a verb. It can occur in any modal context, but expresses factivity when contrasted with other moods.
Examples:
|indicative|singular|plural| |—|—|—| |1st|rawam|rawēm| |2nd|rawē(h)|rawēd| |3rd|rawēd|rawēnd|
Nec: Necessitative mood
The necessitative uses the verbal noun in -išn or the long infinitive. It is usually infinite, but the auxiliary verb “to be” can be used to mark verbal categories. The subject of a necessitative is always in oblique case (if formally available).
Examples:
- ud dušmenān rāy pad čārag weh nē guftan “And as far as possible, one should not speak well of enemies!”
Opt: Optative mood
The optative mood expresses a wish. In combination with a past tense form, it expresses the irrealis. Not all forms are attested with certainty.
Examples:
|indicative|singular|plural| |—|—|—| |1st|rawēm|rawēm| |2nd|rawē(h) or rawēš|rawēd| |3rd|rawē(h)|rawēnd|
Sub: Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood expresses a possibility.
Examples:
|indicative|singular|plural| |—|—|—| |1st|rawān|rawām| |2nd|rawā(h)|rawād| |3rd|rawād|rawānd|
Example
- imperative: kē pad sūdōmand kāmēd būdan gōw kū afsōs ma kun “Who wishes to be with (someone) advantageous, tell (him): Do not mock!”
- necessitative: ud andar xešm kēn az menišn ī xwēš abāz dāštan “And in anger, (one) should keep hate out of one’s own thinking!”
man anšahrīg hē u=t anšahrīgīh ī man kunišn “(You) are my slave and you (obl.) have to do the my slave labour!” - indicative: pad ān ummēd dārēd ī sazēd būdan “he has hopes for what ought to be”
- optative: agar=im pad tīr bē zanē weh sahē kū abar ēn pad gām rawam “(Even) if you shoot me with an arrow, it would seem better than going on this (bridge) by (one) step!”
- subjunctive: ud pidar pad ēn kū tā hamāg tan zahr nē rasēd frazand nē mīrād angust ī frazand brīnēd “And the father cuts the finger of the child so that the poison does not spread to the whole body (and) the child would die.”
Mood in other languages: [ab] [akk] [arr] [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [ctn] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [ha] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [mdf] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [oge] [ota] [pal] [pcm] [ps] [qpm] [qtd] [quc] [ru] [ruc] [say] [sl] [sv] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [ug] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yrk]