Mood: mood
| Values: | Cnd | Imp | Ind | Nec | Sub |
Mood is a feature that expresses modality and subclassifies finite verb forms. Some mood markers also interact with tense and aspect of the verb.
Ind: indicative
The indicative can be considered the default mood. A verb in the indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen, without adding any attitude of the speaker. Note that in Western Armenian the present and imperfect tenses of the indicative mood are formed with the auxiliary կը (կ՚, կու)/kë (k՚, kow). The future and future imperfect tenses are formed with the auxiliary պիտի/piti or the impersonal predicative պէտք է/petkʼ ē. Both can inflect for Polarity (e.g. չպիտի, չպէտք է).
Examples
- կը վազեմ/kë vazem “I run, I am running”,
- կը վազեի/kë vazei “I ran, I was running”,
- պիտի վազեմ/piti vazem “I will run”,
- պիտի վազեի/piti vazei “I would run”,
- տեսեր եմ/teser em “I have seen”,
- տեսեր էի/teser ēi “I had seen”,
- տուն ունիմ/town ownim “I have a house”,
- տուն ունեի/town ownei “I had a house”,
- գացինք տուն/gacʼinkʼ town “we went home”
Imp: imperative
The speaker uses the imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb.
Examples
- կեցի՛ր/kecʼi՛r “stop!”,
- կեցէ՛ք/kecʼē՛kʼ “stop!” (plural),
- վստահ եղիր/vstah eġirʼ “be sure!”,
- վստահ եղէք/vstah eġēkʼ “be sure!” (plural).
Sub: subjunctive / conjunctive / optative
The subjunctive mood is used primarily in subordinate clauses, typically for actions that are subjective or otherwise uncertain. In some contexts the mood also expresses the desire that the action happens; it is thus close to both optative and jussive. In Armenian, it combines with two different tenses (imperfect and present).
Examples
- երթաք բարի/ertʼakʼ bari “(I wish) you go in peace”,
- թող ըլլայ/tʼoġ ëllay “let it be”,
- որ սպասէիք/or spasēikʼ “if you had waited”,
- եթէ խօսելու ըլլայ/etʼē xòselow ëllay “if he/she were to speak”.
Cnd: conditional
The conditional mood is not part of the regular mood system of Modern Western Armenian. However, conditional forms occasionally occur in the corpus, particularly in forms preserved from earlier stages of the language. Such forms are annotated with Mood=Cnd to reflect their morphological characteristics, even though the conditional mood is not productive in Western Armenian. They are additionally marked with Style=Arch to indicate their archaic status.
Examples
- երբ եւ իցէ/erb ew icʼē “whenever”
Nec: necessitative
The necessitative mood is not part of the regular mood system of Western Armenian. Here, the auxiliary պիտի/piti is used to form the future tense of the indicative mood, whereas in Eastern Armenian it expresses necessity or obligation and serves as a marker of the necessitative mood.
Nevertheless, a few necessitative forms occur in the Western Armenian corpus, particularly in quotations or passages influenced by Eastern Armenian. Such forms are annotated with Mood=Nec to reflect their morphological characteristics. Forms originating from Eastern Armenian are additionally marked with LangId=Hy.
Examples
- պարկեշտ կին պիտի լինես/parkešt kin piti lines “you must be a decent woman”
Mood in other languages: [ab] [akk] [arr] [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [ctn] [cy] [dar] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [ha] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [hyw] [it] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [mdf] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [oge] [ota] [pal] [pcm] [ps] [qpm] [qtd] [quc] [ru] [ruc] [say] [sl] [sv] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [ug] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yrk]