Mood: mood
| Values: | Imp | Ind | Sub | Cnd |
Mood is a feature that expresses modality and subclassifies finite verb forms. Some mood markers also interact with tense and aspect of the verb.
Ind: indicative
The indicative can be considered the default mood. A verb in the indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen, without adding any attitude of the speaker. The imperfect tense of the indicative mood exhibits several patterns of formation. Note that in Middle Armenian the present and imperfect tenses of the indicative mood that are formed with the auxiliary կու (կ, կոյ)/kow (k, koy) have the same forms as the present and imperfect tenses of the conditional mood (see below). They cannot be distinguished without context. The negative forms of the present and imperfect tenses of the indicative (as well as the conditional) mood exhibit variation in their formation. Besides the bound negative morpheme չ-/č-, negation may also be expressed by a construction consisting of a negative auxiliary followed by a verb in the infinitive, with or without the preposition ի/i.
Examples
- աչքն խորանայ, եւ կոպքն թուլանան/Ačk’n xoranay, ew kopk’n t’owlanan “the eyes sink in, and the eyelids droop”,
- կու հրամայէ Սահակ/kow hramayē Sahak “Sahak orders/will order”,
- խիստ կու սիրէր/xist kow sirēr “He loved/would love strongly”,
- հիւանդս աս լաւնալու է/hiwands as lawnalow ē “this patient will recover”,
- ծախելու էի/çaxelow ei “I was going to sell”,
- տուն ունիմ/town ownim “I have a house”,
- բերդ ունէին/berd ownēin “They had a fortress”,
- կապեցիր բեռինք/kapec’ir beṙink’ “You tied loads”,
- հոգւով մեռած ենք/hogwov meṙaç enk’ “we are spiritually dead”,
- մեկ էլ ի նոցա միջին էր մեռած/mek ēl i noc’a miǰin ēr meṙaç “and one among them was dead”,
- Է՞ր չես ի լալ/Ēr čes i lal “Why don’t (won’t) you cry?”,
- Ես չեմ ի տար հանց պատասխան/Es čem i tar hanc’ patasxan “I don’t (won’t) give such an answer”.
Cnd: conditional
The conditional mood is used to express actions that would have taken place under some circumstances but they actually did not / do not happen. In Middle Armenian, it combines with two different tenses (present and imperfect).Note that in Middle Armenian the present and imperfect tenses of the conditional mood that are formed with the auxiliary կու (կ, կոյ)/kow (k, koy) have the same forms as the present and imperfect tenses of the indicative mood (see above).
The negation of conditional mood is formed periphrastically using the special form of main verb (traditionally called negative participle) and negated auxiliary չեմ “not to be”. The main verb is marked as Connegative.
Examples
- դու անդ մի՛ գար, թէ չէ յայնմանէ կելանեմ/dow and mi՛ gar, tʼē čē yaynmanē kelanem “do not come over there, lest I come out of that”
- մի՛ խաւսիր ի մէջ դրախտին թէ չէ’ կոյ հանեն/mi՛ xawsir i mēǰ draxtin tʼē čē’ koy hanen “Do not speak inside the paradise, lest they throw you out”
Imp: imperative
The speaker uses the imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb.
Examples
- ա՛րկ զմկնասոխն ʼի քացախն եւ թո՛ղ ժամանակ ինչ/a՛rk zmknasoxn ʼi kʼacʼaxn ew tʼo՛ġ žamanak inč “Add scilla to vinegar and leave it for a while.”,
- ինձ լսեցէք/inj lsecʼēkʼ “listen to me!” (plural),
- կատարէ՛ զգործքդ/katarē՛ zgorçkʼd “do your work!”,
- խմէ՛ք/xmē՛kʼ “drink!” (plural).
Sub: subjunctive / conjunctive / optative
The subjunctive mood is used primarily in subordinate clauses, typically for actions that are subjective or otherwise uncertain. In some contexts the mood also expresses the desire that the action happens; it is thus close to both optative and jussive. In Middle Armenian it combines with two different tenses (imperfect and present).
Examples
- Եւ զայս գիրքս շինեցաք, զի որք կարդան` հեշտութեամբ յիմանան:/Ew zays girk’s šinec’ak’ zi ork’ kardan heštowt’eamb yimanan “And we composed this book so that those who read it may understand it with ease.”
- լուսանայր/lowsanayr “(I wish) it would dawn”,
- տուն մտնուի/town mtnowi “(I would like) to enter the house”.
Note that in Middle Armenian, conditional and necessitative meanings are expressed by means of the corresponding auxiliary verbs. For more details, see AUX.
Mood in other languages: [ab] [akk] [arr] [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [ctn] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [ha] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [mdf] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [oge] [ota] [pal] [pcm] [ps] [qpm] [qtd] [quc] [ru] [ruc] [say] [sl] [sv] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [ug] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yrk]