Mood: mood
| Values: | App | Cnd | Imp | Ind | NOpt | Opt | Prh |
Ind: indicative
The indicative can be considered the default mood. A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen, without adding any attitude of the speaker.
Examples
- mator b-uz-an : engine N-work:IPFV-HAB “The engine works.”
Imp: imperative
The speaker uses imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb.
Examples
- uz-e : M.work:IPFV-IMP “Work! (to one person)”
Prh: prohibitive
The prohibitive is a negative imperative. It can be addressed to the addressee or used in the clause with the third person. The prohibitive can be used with the negative volitional marker.
Examples
- pat’imat, deč’ mi-m-iq’-adi : Patimat song NEGVOL-M-do:IPFV-PROH “Patimat, don’t sing the song!”
- pat’imat-li deč’ mi-m-iq’-adi ; Patimat-ERG song NEGVOL-M-do:IPFV-PROH “[Patimat] don’t sing the song.“
- m-ib-adi : NEGVOL-sew:IPFV-PROH “Don’t sew!”
Cnd: conditional / irrealis
The The irrealis form in -are is used in the main clause of conditional clauses (most often counterfactual) as well as for the expression of irreal situations in independent clauses beyond conditional constructions.
Examples
- iχ w-ebk’-ib-q’alle, nu꞊ra d-ubk’-a-re : this M-die:PFV-AOR-CTRF I꞊ADD F1-die:IPFV-IRR-PST “If he had died, I would have also died.”
- rasuj-ni qu išq-aˤ-re dag, amma ʜaˤ-q’-un : Rasul-ERG field mow:IPFV-IRR-PST yesterday but NEG-M.go:PFV-AOR “Rasul could have mowed the field yesterday, but he didn’t go.”
App: apprehensive
Apprehensive denotes a situation the speaker is afraid of. Mehweb has a dedicated form to express apprehension. When used in independent clauses, the apprehensive means that the speaker is afraid that some undesirable situation may come true. The forms are commonly used to express warnings about something that may happen to the addressee. Apprehensive is also used to express negative purpose.
The clause with the apprehensive and the complementizer ile can be inserted into the main clause.
Examples
- d-arʔ-a mura, zab d-aq’-a-la : NPL-gather:PFV-IMP.TR hay rain NPL-do:PFV-IRR-APPR “Collect the hay, it might rain”
- musa-ni dunijal ur-a-la ile mura d-arʔ-ib : Musa-ERG world rain-IRR-APPR COMP hay PL-gather:PFV-AOR “Musa collected the hay out of fear that rain starts.”
Opt: optative
Optative forms are dedicated to the expression of good or bad wishes. The optative marker can be combined with the irrealis marker (Mood=Cnd,Opt). With negation, the negative volitional marker is used in combination with the optative marker.
Examples
- aradeš g-a-b! : health give:PFV-IRR-OPT “May [Allah] make [you] healthy!”
- urc-a-b : fly:IPFV-OPT “if only he would fly”
Notes
Jussive is a periphrastic form (combination of the imperative of the lexical verb with the imperative of the verb ‘say’).
References
- Dobrushina, Nina (2019). Moods of Mehweb. In Michael Daniel, Nina Dobrushina & Dmitry Ganenkov (eds.), The Mehweb language: Essays on phonology, morphology and syntax, 117–165. Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3402062
Mood in other languages: [ab] [akk] [arr] [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [ctn] [cy] [dar] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [ha] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [hyw] [it] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [mdf] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [oge] [ota] [pal] [pcm] [ps] [qpm] [qtd] [quc] [ru] [ruc] [say] [sl] [sv] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [ug] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yrk]