PRON

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`PRON`: pronoun

Definition

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

In Turkish, some pronouns also function as determiners (e.g., bu “this”, o “that”), these words are always marked according to their usage (PRON or DET).

Examples

personal pronouns: ben, sen, o, biz, siz, onlar “I, you, he/she/it, we, you (plural), they”
reflexive pronoun: kendi, kendisi “oneself”
demonstrative pronouns: bu, şu, o
interrogative pronouns: kim, ne “who, what”
indefinite pronouns: biri, birşey “somebody, something”
total pronouns: herkes, herşey “everybody, everything”
negative pronouns: kimse “nobody”

Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

There are 26 PRON lemmas (0%), 169 PRON types (1%) and 2148 PRON tokens (4%). Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 10 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: ben, o, bu, ne, kendi, sen, biz, siz, biri, nere

The 10 most frequent PRON types: ben, ne, o, bana, beni, bu, onu, onun, benim, ona

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ben (PRON 487, NOUN 4), o (PRON 451, DET 178, NOUN 1), bu (DET 477, PRON 239), ne (PRON 185, CONJ 19, ADV 19, ADJ 11), siz (PRON 76, ADP 43), şu (DET 31, PRON 23), hep (ADV 36, PRON 8), kimi (DET 14, PRON 8), bazı (DET 28, PRON 7), hangi (ADJ 9, PRON 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ben (PRON 104, NOUN 1), ne (PRON 84, CONJ 14, ADV 10, ADJ 6), o (DET 125, PRON 81), beni (PRON 68, NOUN 1), bu (DET 313, PRON 56), siz (ADP 23, PRON 13), biri (PRON 24, NUM 12), neden (PRON 15, NOUN 13, ADV 4), onların (PRON 14, NUM 1), kimi (DET 12, PRON 6)

ben
- PRON 104: ii ) potansiyel rahip adayları Celal , ben ve hülya ‘dır .
- NOUN 1: Buna hiç şaşırmadım ben zaten herşeye razı ydım .
ne
- PRON 84: Asıl sen beni ne sandın .
- CONJ 14: Ne kendileri ediyor rahat , ne aleme veriyorlar huzur …
- ADV 10: Ne rahat , ne güzel bir ev bulmuşsun .
- ADJ 6: Büyük dayının aşık olması ne kadar heyecan ver ici .
o
- DET 125: Ne kadar ürküt ücü ve bir o kadar da çekici bir yer orası .
- PRON 81: Nasıl bir kadın o ? diye sordum .
beni
- PRON 68: Kim tamir edecekti beni ? .
- NOUN 1: Dışı seni yakar içi beni türünden .
bu
- DET 313: Kutup porsuğunu ( Gulo gulo l . ) bu adla anıyorlardı .
- PRON 56: Bul bir fıstık kan , at evine , rahatla , derdin bu senin .
siz
- ADP 23: Ne denli ses siz Bartın , dedim .
- PRON 13: Ben dün gece siz yattıktan sonra evden kaçtım .
biri
- PRON 24: Mesela Tavşanlı’dan biri diyor ki : Çorum’da nohut bile yok tur .
- NUM 12: Bu tasarımın önem li konularından biri de mülkiyet durumu ydu .
neden
- PRON 15: Yöreye ve toplumlara göre ( eskiden ) evler neden farklılaşıyordu ?
- NOUN 13: O da hararetin yüksek çıkmasına neden oldu “ dedi .
- ADV 4: Ya da barınağın , konutun , bir türlü evleşememesine neden olabilir .
onların
- PRON 14: Ben onların Hüseyin abileri yim .
- NUM 1: Hangi özür , onların haklılığını değiştirebilir ki ! ..
kimi
- DET 12: Sanki kimi yerler kara kimi yerler deniz di .
- PRON 6: Kimi bir saat lik , kimi birkaç günlük .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 6.500000 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.815350).

The 1st highest number of forms (27) was observed with the lemma “kendi”: kendi, kendileri, kendilerinde, kendilerine, kendilerini, kendilerinin, kendileriyle, kendim, kendime, kendimi, kendimize, kendimizi, kendince, kendinden, kendine, kendini, kendinin, kendiniz, kendinize, kendinizi, kendinle, kendisi, kendisinden, kendisine, kendisini, kendisinin, kendisiyle.

The 2nd highest number of forms (15) was observed with the lemma “o”: Onlardan, o, on, ona, onca, onda, ondan, onlar, onlara, onlarda, onları, onların, onu, onun, onunla.

The 3rd highest number of forms (13) was observed with the lemma “biri”: biri, birileri, birilerini, birinde, birinden, birine, birini, birinin, birinizle, birisi, birisine, birisinin, birisiyle.

PRON occurs with 7 features: Case (2148; 100% instances), Number (2148; 100% instances), Person (2148; 100% instances), PronType (1706; 79% instances), Number[psor] (346; 16% instances), Person[psor] (346; 16% instances), Reflex (178; 8% instances)

PRON occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Case=Abl, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Equ, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Person[psor]=1, Person[psor]=2, Person[psor]=3, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Prs, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 116 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs (202 tokens). Examples: ben

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: nmod (790; 37% instances), nsubj (554; 26% instances), dobj (434; 20% instances), nmod:poss (183; 9% instances), root (73; 3% instances), det (49; 2% instances), conj (42; 2% instances), ccomp (6; 0% instances), advmod:emph (5; 0% instances), mwe (4; 0% instances), compound:lvc (3; 0% instances), cc (2; 0% instances), csubj (2; 0% instances), compound (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (1447; 67% instances), NOUN (362; 17% instances), ADJ (163; 8% instances), ROOT (73; 3% instances), PRON (52; 2% instances), ADV (22; 1% instances), PUNCT (9; 0% instances), CONJ (7; 0% instances), PROPN (7; 0% instances), ADP (3; 0% instances), NUM (3; 0% instances)

1688 (79%) PRON nodes are leaves.

321 (15%) PRON nodes have one child.

78 (4%) PRON nodes have two children.

61 (3%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 7.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 22 different relations: advmod:emph (137; 20% instances), case (126; 18% instances), punct (86; 12% instances), cop (63; 9% instances), nsubj (58; 8% instances), conj (46; 7% instances), nmod (36; 5% instances), nmod:poss (35; 5% instances), amod (20; 3% instances), advmod (18; 3% instances), acl (13; 2% instances), aux:q (12; 2% instances), cc (12; 2% instances), det (10; 1% instances), dobj (7; 1% instances), mark (6; 1% instances), nummod (5; 1% instances), discourse (4; 1% instances), advcl (2; 0% instances), appos (1; 0% instances), ccomp (1; 0% instances), csubj (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: CONJ (152; 22% instances), ADP (126; 18% instances), PUNCT (88; 13% instances), NOUN (84; 12% instances), AUX (72; 10% instances), PRON (52; 7% instances), VERB (46; 7% instances), ADJ (34; 5% instances), ADV (27; 4% instances), PROPN (7; 1% instances), NUM (6; 1% instances), DET (3; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances)