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mwe: multi-word expression

The multi-word expression (modifier) relation is one of the three relations (compound, mwe, name) for compounding. It is used for certain fixed grammaticized expressions that behave like function words or short adverbials.

Note that, we mark most of the expressions that are marked MWE in METU-Sabancı treebank as compound. mwe is only used for fixed expressions that do not show any morphological variation.

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Ali ya da Ahmet  \n Ali or Ahmet
mwe(ya, da)
{
    "text": "Ali ya da Ahmet \n Ali or Ahmet ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 10, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 25, 30 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "mwe", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Bir tek Ali okumamış . \n Only Ali did not read
mwe(bir, tek)
{
    "text": "Bir tek Ali okumamış . \n Only Ali did not read ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 25, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 34, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 38, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 42, 46 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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Her ne kadar aradıysam da ulaşamadım . \n Despite calling many times, I could not reach (him\/her)
mwe(Her, ne)
mwe(Her, kadar)
{
    "text": "Her ne kadar aradıysam da ulaşamadım . \n Despite calling many times, I could not reach (him/her) ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 23, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 26, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 49, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 57, 61 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 62, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 69, 70 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T14", "token", [ [ 71, 76 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T15", "token", [ [ 77, 80 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T16", "token", [ [ 81, 86 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T17", "token", [ [ 87, 96 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "mwe", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "mwe", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

This relation is universal.

102 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as mwe.

102 instances of mwe (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.00980392156863.

The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mwe: NOUN-DET (97; 95% instances), NOUN-PRON (4; 4% instances), NOUN-ADJ (1; 1% instances).

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# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 6 mwe	color:blue
1	Ulusal	ulusal	ADJ	Adj	_	8	conj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	Punc	_	9	punct	_	_
3	arsıulusal	arsıulusal	ADJ	Adj	_	8	conj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	Punc	_	9	punct	_	_
5	ama	ama	CONJ	Conj	_	8	cc	_	_
6	her	her	DET	Det	_	7	mwe	_	_
7	zaman	zaman	NOUN	Noun	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	9	nmod	_	_
8	parasal	parasal	ADJ	Adj	_	9	amod	_	_
9	danışmalar	danışma	NOUN	Noun	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3	0	root	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	Punc	_	9	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "ADJ", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "PUNCT", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "ADJ", [ [ 9, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "PUNCT", [ [ 20, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "CONJ", [ [ 22, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "DET", [ [ 26, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "NOUN", [ [ 30, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "ADJ", [ [ 36, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "NOUN", [ [ 44, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T10", "PUNCT", [ [ 55, 56 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-4-S1-T7", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A2", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T7", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A3", "Person", "embedded-4-S1-T7", "3" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A4", "Case", "embedded-4-S1-T9", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A5", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T9", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A6", "Person", "embedded-4-S1-T9", "3" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R0", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R1", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R2", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R4", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R5", "mwe", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R6", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R7", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R8", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R9", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ulusal" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Adj" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ," ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Punc" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: arsıulusal" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Adj" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ," ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Punc" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ama" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Conj" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: her" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Det" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: zaman" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Noun" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: parasal" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Adj" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: danışma" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Noun" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Punc" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "mwe" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ],
    "text": "Ulusal , arsıulusal , ama her zaman parasal danışmalar .",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 3 mwe	color:blue
1	Hayret	hayret	NOUN	Noun	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	5	conj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	Punc	_	5	punct	_	_
3	ne	ne	PRON	Ques	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	4	mwe	_	_
4	zaman	zaman	NOUN	Noun	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	5	nmod	_	_
5	yazmışım	yaz	VERB	Verb	Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past	0	root	_	_
6	?	?	PUNCT	Punc	_	5	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "NOUN", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "PUNCT", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "PRON", [ [ 9, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 12, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "VERB", [ [ 18, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "PUNCT", [ [ 27, 28 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-5-S1-T1", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A2", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T1", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A3", "Person", "embedded-5-S1-T1", "3" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A4", "Case", "embedded-5-S1-T3", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A5", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T3", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A6", "Person", "embedded-5-S1-T3", "3" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A7", "Case", "embedded-5-S1-T4", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A8", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T4", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A9", "Person", "embedded-5-S1-T4", "3" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A10", "Aspect", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "Perf" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A11", "Evidentiality", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "Nfh" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A12", "Mood", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A13", "Negative", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "Pos" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A14", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A15", "Person", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "1" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A16", "Tense", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "Past" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R0", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R1", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R2", "mwe", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R3", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R4", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R5", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: hayret" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Noun" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ," ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Punc" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ne" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Ques" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: zaman" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Noun" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: yaz" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Verb" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ?" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Punc" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "embedded-5-S1-T3", "mwe" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ],
    "text": "Hayret , ne zaman yazmışım ?",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 mwe	color:blue
1	Ne	ne	ADJ	Adj	_	2	mwe	_	_
2	zaman	zaman	NOUN	Noun	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	3	nmod	_	_
3	döneceğim	dön	VERB	Verb	Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part	5	nsubj	_	_
4	de	de	CONJ	Conj	_	3	advmod:emph	_	_
5	belli	belli	ADJ	Adj	_	0	root	_	_
6	değildi	değil	VERB	Neg	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past	5	cop	_	_
7	...	...	PUNCT	Punc	_	5	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "ADJ", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "NOUN", [ [ 3, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "VERB", [ [ 9, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "CONJ", [ [ 19, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "ADJ", [ [ 22, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "VERB", [ [ 28, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "PUNCT", [ [ 36, 39 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-6-S1-T2", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A2", "Number", "embedded-6-S1-T2", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A3", "Person", "embedded-6-S1-T2", "3" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A4", "Aspect", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Perf" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A5", "Case", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A6", "Mood", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A7", "Negative", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Pos" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A8", "Number[psor]", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A9", "Person[psor]", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "1" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A10", "Tense", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Fut" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A11", "VerbForm", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Part" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A12", "Aspect", "embedded-6-S1-T6", "Perf" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A13", "Mood", "embedded-6-S1-T6", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A14", "Negative", "embedded-6-S1-T6", "Neg" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A15", "Number", "embedded-6-S1-T6", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A16", "Person", "embedded-6-S1-T6", "3" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A17", "Tense", "embedded-6-S1-T6", "Past" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R0", "mwe", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R1", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R3", "advmod:emph", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R4", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R5", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ne" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Adj" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: zaman" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Noun" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: dön" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Verb" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: de" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Conj" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: belli" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Adj" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: değil" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Neg" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ..." ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Punc" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "embedded-6-S1-T1", "mwe" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ],
    "text": "Ne zaman döneceğim de belli değildi ...",
    "error": false
}

---

mwe in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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