nmod: nominal modifier
The nmod relation is used for nominal modifiers.
They depend either on another noun (group “noun dependents”) or on a predicate (group “non-core dependents of clausal predicates”).
nmod is a noun (or noun phrase) functioning as a non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct.
This means that it functionally corresponds to an adverbial when it attaches to a verb, adjective or other adverb.
But when attaching to a noun, it corresponds to an attribute, or genitive complement (the terms are less standardized here).
The nmod relation is further specified by the Case feature or case relation.
We also use the following language-specific subtypes for nmod:
- nmod:cau: nominal modifier of a causative predicate that markes the causee.
- nmod:comp: a comparative nominal modifier
- nmod:pass: nominal modifier of a passive predicate that express the actor (subject of the active predicate)
- nmod:tmod: nominal modifier that indicates time
- nmod:own: owner in a possessive existential sentence
- nmod:poss: possessor in in a genitive-possessive construction
- nmod:part: noun modifier specifying the whole-part relation
We do not currently distinguish between core arguments and adjuncts (TODO: link to discussion).
# I read the book on the plane
1 Kitabı kitap NOUN NOUN Case=Acc 3 dobj
2 uçakta uçak NOUN NOUN Case=Loc 3 nmod
3 okudum oku VERB VERB Tense=Past|Person=1|Number=Sing 0 root
# I read the book with the glasses
1 Kitabı kitap NOUN NOUN Case=Acc 3 dobj
2 gözlükle gözlük NOUN NOUN Case=Ins 3 nmod
3 okudum oku VERB VERB Tense=Past|Person=1|Number=Sing 0 root
# I read the book out of curiosity
1 Kitabı kitap NOUN NOUN Case=Acc 3 dobj
2 meraktan merak NOUN NOUN Case=Abl 3 nmod
3 okudum oku VERB VERB Tense=Past|Person=1|Number=Sing 0 root
# I read the book to the children
1 Kitabı kitap NOUN NOUN Case=Acc 3 dobj
2 çocuklara çocuk NOUN NOUN Case=Dat 3 nmod
3 okudum oku VERB VERB Tense=Past|Person=1|Number=Sing 0 root
resim –li kitap \n (the\/a) book with illustrations
nmod(kitap, resim)
case(resim, –li)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of nmod: nmod:poss.
8121 nodes (14%) are attached to their parents as nmod.
7767 instances of nmod (96%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.65940155153306.
The following 50 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/NOUN (3973; 49% instances), tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/NOUN (1114; 14% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/VERB (653; 8% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/PRON (555; 7% instances), tr-pos/ADJ-tr-pos/NOUN (422; 5% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/PROPN (270; 3% instances), tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/PROPN (177; 2% instances), tr-pos/PROPN-tr-pos/NOUN (165; 2% instances), tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/VERB (154; 2% instances), tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/PRON (129; 2% instances), tr-pos/ADJ-tr-pos/VERB (79; 1% instances), tr-pos/ADV-tr-pos/NOUN (74; 1% instances), tr-pos/ADJ-tr-pos/PRON (58; 1% instances), tr-pos/CONJ-tr-pos/NOUN (50; 1% instances), tr-pos/ADJ-tr-pos/PROPN (41; 1% instances), tr-pos/NUM-tr-pos/NOUN (36; 0% instances), tr-pos/PRON-tr-pos/PRON (18; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADV-tr-pos/VERB (17; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADV-tr-pos/PRON (15; 0% instances), tr-pos/CONJ-tr-pos/VERB (14; 0% instances), tr-pos/PRON-tr-pos/NOUN (13; 0% instances), tr-pos/CONJ-tr-pos/PROPN (11; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADP-tr-pos/NOUN (10; 0% instances), tr-pos/PUNCT-tr-pos/NOUN (8; 0% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/X (6; 0% instances), tr-pos/CONJ-tr-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/X (5; 0% instances), tr-pos/PRON-tr-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), tr-pos/PUNCT-tr-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADV-tr-pos/PROPN (4; 0% instances), tr-pos/PUNCT-tr-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), tr-pos/INTJ-tr-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), tr-pos/NUM-tr-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), tr-pos/PROPN-tr-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), tr-pos/PROPN-tr-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADP-tr-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADP-tr-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/DET-tr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/X-tr-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADJ-tr-pos/X (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADP-tr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/AUX-tr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/DET-tr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/DET-tr-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/INTJ-tr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/NUM-tr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/NUM-tr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/NUM-tr-pos/X (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/PROPN-tr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 2 nmod color:blue
1 Nefes nefes NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 nmod _ _
2 nefese nefes NOUN Noun Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 nmod _ _
3 kalmıştım kal VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pqp 0 root _ _
4 . . PUNCT Punc _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 nmod color:blue
1 Nefes nefes NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 nmod _ _
2 nefese nefes NOUN Noun Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 nmod _ _
3 kalmıştım kal VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pqp 0 root _ _
4 . . PUNCT Punc _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 3 nmod color:blue
1 Kurtulup kurtul VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Trans 3 advcl _ _
2 buraya bura NOUN Noun Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 nmod _ _
3 gelmeyi gel VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Ger 4 nmod _ _
4 başardım başar VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past 0 root _ _
5 . . PUNCT Punc _ 4 punct _ _
nmod in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]