nsubj:
The nominal subject relation is used for nouns, pronouns, and proper names. In the ergative construction the so-called A participant is taken as the subject. If the ergative construction received a passive reading, the object is annotated as nsubj:pass. Clausal subjects are annotated as csubj. Subjects of clausal predicates are annotated as nsubj:outer, external subjects of predicatives or dependent verbs are annotated as nsubj:xsubj. In a possessive construction, the possessum is encoded as subject and the possessor as an oblique.
Note that subjects are frequently omitted. Expletive subjects have not been identified so far.
- “And so, the gods have created the dogs and flyers (the birds) according to their nature as carrion eaters.”
ōh =iz ān sagān ud wayān murwān xwadčihrag yazdān kirbxwār dād ēstēnd \n thus also that dogs and flyers birds instinctive gods scavenging created stand.3PL nsubj(dād, yazdān) aux(dād, ēstēnd) obj(dād, sagān) conj(sagān, wayān) appos(wayān, murwān) - “Ohrmazd created Jam and Frēdōn and Kāwōs (to be) immortal.”
ohrmazd ǰam ud frēdōn ud kāwōs ahōš dād hēnd \n Ohrmazd Jam and Frēdōn and Kāwōs deathless created are nsubj(dād, ohrmazd) obj(dād, ǰam) conj(ǰam, frēdōn) conj(ǰam, kāwōs) aux(dād, hēnd) - “He, Ohrmazd, said: I created you, bird Warīšag!”
guft =iš ohrmazd kū =m dād hē tō murw warīšag \n said him Ohrmazd that me created are.2SG you bird Warīšag nsubj(dād, =m) aux(dād, hē) obj(dād, tō) - “Which of the lands (is) happier?”
zamīg kadām šādtar \n earth which happier nmod(kadām, zamīg) nsubj(šādtar, kadām) - “And the organisation of the material and spiritual worlds (is) by wisdom as well.”
ud gētī =yiz ud mēnōy rāyēnīdārīh pad xrad \n and material_world also and spiritual_world organisation by wisdom nsubj(xrad, rāyēnīdārīh) case(xrad, pad) cc(xrad, ud-1) advmod(rāyēnīdārīh, =yiz) nmod(rāyēnīdārīh, gētī) conj(gētī, mēnōy) cc(mēnōy, ud-4)
On oblique subjects
- The oblique A participant of the ergative construction is in
nsubjrelation to its head. (For examples see above.) - The oblique A or S participant of modal constructions is in
nsubjrelation to the modal verb (e.g., abāyistan ‘must’). - The Experiencer participant is in
oblrelation to its head (e.g., sahistan ‘to seem’, abāyistan ‘to be necessary’).
- Oblique experiencer: “As long as (he is) alive, (he is) authorized to take back the guardianship whenever there is a need for him.”
tā zīndag hamē ka =š andar abāyēd sālārīh bē abāz pādixšāy stadan \n until alive always when him therein be_necessary guardianship out back authorized take mark(abāyēd, ka) obl(abāyēd, =š) advmod(abāyēd, andar) advcl(pādixšāy, abāyēd) - Oblique subject of a modal verb: “And in which manner does he have to be in this world?”
u =š andar gētī pad čē ēwēnag abāyēd būd \n and him inside world in what manner must be nsubj(abāyēd, =š) xcomp(abāyēd, ēwēnag) cop(ēwēnag, būd) case(ēwēnag, pad) det(ēwēnag, čē) case(gētī, andar) obl:lmod(ēwēnag, gētī) cc(abāyēd, u) - Oblique experiencer: “Which one appears more useful to you.”
kadār =tān sūdōmandtar sahēd \n which you.OBL more_useful seems nsubj(sahēd, kadār) xcomp(sahēd, sūdōmandtar) obl(sahēd, =tān) - Oblique experiencer: “Then (it) seemed more sensible to me to separate and sort the questions topic by topic.”
ēg =im pursišn dar dar ǰudāg ud wizihāgīhātar kirdan čimīgtar sahist \n then me question topic topic separate and more_assortedly making more_reasonable seemed nsubj(sahist, =im) xcomp(sahist, čimīgtar) xcomp(čimīgtar, kirdan) xcomp(kirdan, ǰudāg) conj(ǰudāg, wizihāgīhātar) cc(wizihāgīhātar, ud) compound:redup(dar-4, dar-5) obl(kirdan, dar-4) advmod(sahist, ēg)
nsubj in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gd] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kmr] [ky] [lt] [mr] [myv] [naq] [no] [oge] [pa] [pal] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [uz] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]