nsubj
: nominal subject
Designates the subject of a verb. The relation is from the lexical verb to the subject pronoun or noun, not from the auxiliary, as shown below. The annotation guidelines do not distinguish passive subjects, since the two forms of passive-like expressions in Coptic may be seen as syntactically indistinct from active:
Actional passive: formed by a third person plural with non-plural reference, but if there is no singular ‘by’ phrase, it is formally indistinguishable from the active equivalent:
Stative passive: formed by the morphological stative form (pos=VSTAT) with a transitive verb, however syntactically same as statal reading with intransitive verb:
Note also that the existential predicates (Scriptorium pos=EXIST) take nsubj
for the existing entity, even when they are used in the possessive construction:
If the possessor is indicated in the EXIST construction, the possessed is still annotated as nsubj
, and the possessor is annotated as the indirect object, see iobj
(i.e. the construction is interpreted as ‘there exists X to Y’).
In pure existence predication, the existing entity is the subject, and the EXIST predicate is the local root:
The analysis of the presentative particle ⲉⲓⲥ (‘behold’, ‘voila’) is different (see Specific Constructions):
nsubj in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gd] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kmr] [ky] [mr] [myv] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [uz] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]