UD Zaar Autogramm
Language: Zaar (code: say)
Family: Afro-Asiatic
This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.11 release.
The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Sylvain Kahane, Bruno Guillaume, Bernard Caron, Katharine Jiang.
Repository: UD_Zaar-Autogramm
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.15
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Genre: grammar-examples
Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Zaar-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [bruno • guillaume (æt) inria • fr]. Development of the treebank happens directly in the UD repository, so you may submit bug fixes as pull requests against the dev branch.
| Annotation | Source |
|---|---|
| Lemmas | annotated manually |
| UPOS | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
| XPOS | not available |
| Features | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
| Relations | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
Description
A Universal Dependencies corpus for Zaar (aka Sayanci), a member of the Chadic branch of the Afro-Asiatic phylum. The language is mainly spoken by about 200,000 speakers in the Bogoro and Tafawa Balewa local governments of Bauchi State, Nigeria.
The treebank is an automatic conversion of the SUD_Zaar-Autogramm, which was extracted from Bernard Caron’s corpus in Elan format (https://corpafroas.huma-num.fr/Archives/corpus.php).
Sentences are annotated with the following metadata:
sent_id(which indicates the source file and the segmentation identifier in the source file)speaker_id(which identifies the turn of speech)sound_url(which enables playback of the audio recording)seṅt_timecode(which enables playback of the sentence)text(lexical tokenization)text_ortho(original transcription of the audio recording)text_en(English interpretation)
Acknowledgments
This treebank was produced as part of the Autogramm ANR project. With special thanks to Bruno Guillaume for the conversion from SUD to UD, Sylvain Kahane and Christian Chanard. A special tribute must be paid to Marvellous S. Davan, who transcribed and translated the Zaar Corpus, and met an untimely death in Bauchi at the age of 40.
Statistics of UD Zaar Autogramm
POS Tags
ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X
Features
Aspect – Definite – Deixis – Foreign – Mood – Number – PartType – Person – Polarity – Poss – PronType – Reflex – Tense – VerbForm – Voice
Relations
acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advmod – amod – appos – aux – case – cc – cc:preconj – ccomp – compound – compound:prt – compound:redup – conj – cop – csubj – dep – det – discourse – dislocated – fixed – flat – flat:foreign – flat:name – iobj – mark – nmod – nmod:poss – nsubj – nummod – obj – obl – obl:arg – parataxis – punct – reparandum – root – vocative – xcomp
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- This corpus contains 1864 sentences, 16396 tokens and 17682 syntactic words.
- All tokens in this corpus are followed by a space.
- This corpus does not contain words with spaces.
- This corpus contains 119 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: a:, *kap-íː, ḿː'm̀ː, *ngap-íː, *gìː-íː, *ngâp-íː, *tu-íː, *yisə́ŋ-íː, *fi, *fi-íː, *mará-íː, *wûl-íː, *ɗû-íː, *ʧâː-íː, áː'àː, *bàːba-íː, *gamá-íː, *gàː-íː, *káp-íː, *kât-íː, *lût-íː, *mókʃi-íː, *ngêr-íː, *tuːr-íː, *ɗu-íː, *ɗyáː-íː, *ɬet-íː, *ɮiː-íː, *ɮìː-í, *ɮìː-íː, à:, #ɗû, *Maláːri-íː, *bullú-íː, *bwaːp-íː, *bàsáɣ-íː, *datsə́-íː, *dǔːm-ə́n, *fí-íː, *fî-íː, *fùː-íː, *gámá-íː, *gìt-íː, *gə̌ːm-íː, *hàkuríwôʃíː, *kàmbàlá-íː, *kâːr-ə́n, *kúni-ə́n, *kûllé-íː, *kǔːp-íː
- This corpus contains 1152 multi-word tokens. On average, one multi-word token consists of 2.12 syntactic words.
- There are 780 types of multi-word tokens. Examples: ʧi, ʧì, ʧímtə, gìːtə̀, ŋǎːn, fítə, fitə, mə́nɗi, wúltə, ɓaʃí, fini, wâː, fuːm, fuːɣə, fítə̀, fîn, hŋ́oː, mì, vərtə, wuləm, zǎːrwôpm, ɗaːmí, ɗánǐn, ɗǎŋ, daːkámâtn, gìːʃí, kaptíː, kúɲêtn, náːɗíːɗi, poləm, sûmíɗi, yèltə̀, ɓasmí, ɓastə, búngáy, dèːwòs, də̀nwàː, də̀nə̌n, fin, fâː, gàːtə̀, gìːtíː, ki, káttə, kì, kúniwòs, kǔːpkí, kǔːpmí, lǎːpni, mbǔtni.
Morphology
Tags
- This corpus uses 16 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB, X
- This corpus does not use the following tags: SYM
- This corpus contains 114 word types tagged as particles (PART): =ni, =nì, =nəni, =ɗi, =ɗì, ?//], XX, a:, aː, baːbù, bàː, báŋ, báː, bâː, deː, dàː, dèː, déː, eː, fá, fáː, fâː, gáːrá, gən, gəndí, gəní, gənín, hoː, hôː, hŋ́, hə́ŋ, hḿ, koː, kuma, kweː, kwàː, kwêy, kwǎː, kàm, káp, káɗá, kóː, kúm, kúmá, kən, kəndí, kəní, kənín, màm, máː, múr, mə́, mə́n, m̀ː, n, ndí, ni, nə, nə́, oː, raː, riːŋ, tu, tá, tâ, tòː, tóː, tô:, tôŋ, tôː, weː, woː, wàːtòː, wâː, wéy, yôː, à:, àkwéy, àː, âː, òː, ěːn, ŋ, ŋa:, ŋaː, ŋáː, ŋâː, ŋǎː, ŋǎːn, ŋǎːŋ, ǎː, ǐn, ǒːy, ǹ, ɓét, ɗa, ɗan, ɗaː, ɗi, ɗà, ɗòː, ɗǎ, ə̌n, ɣoy, ɣáy, ɣən, ɣəndá, ɣəndí, ɣəní, ɣənín, ɣəŋ, ɣə̀n, ɣə̂n, ʃèː
- This corpus contains 83 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): =atn, =gətn, =kí, =kə, =mí, =mə, =tə, =waː, =waːn, =waːsəŋ, =wopm, =wos, =wáːsə̀ŋ, =wôs, =âtn, =əm, =ʃí, Níːwáːni, X, dàːsóːɗa, dàːʃì, gamatn, geɗí, giiní, giní, ginín, gwàː, gwàːm, gwàːn, gwàːsə̀ŋ, gyaːgón, gyòː, gyóːɗan, gyôː, gín, gíː, gòpm, gòs, gón, gùl, gùŋ, gə̀tn, ki, kotá, kyàːní, kyàːáːni, kyáːni, káp, káy, káɗi, kóːgyòː, kóːgón, kóːnaːgyòː, kóːníː, kóːnúː, kə, kə̀, myàːní, myàːáːni, myáːni, mì, mí, míː, mə, mə̀, niː, níː, níːwóneː, núː, tə, tə̀, waːní, wáːni, yàŋʃí, yàːʃí, yáddà, yáː, yáːni, yâːn, yóːɗan, ʃí, ʧi, ʧì
- This corpus contains 33 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): XX, dúk, giní, giː, gwón, gyaː, gyaːgón, gyaːt, gyoôː, gyáː, gyòː, gyópti, gyóːɗan, gyôː, gín, gíː, gòn, gón, kotá, káp, kíː, kóː, níː, sú, wupsə, wuri, wuriː, wàːné, wátan, wón, ɗányâːlí, ɗányâːlíː, ɗáɲâːlí
- Out of the above, 11 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: giní, gyaːgón, gyòː, gyóːɗan, gyôː, gín, gíː, gón, kotá, káp, níː
- This corpus contains 1 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): _
- There are 1 (de)verbal forms:
- Vnoun
- VERB: láːpkə́nì, láːpkə̂n, mbútkə̂n, ʧáːɣə̂n, fíɣə̂n, maráɣə̂n, vyàːɣə̀n, wúmgə̂n, ŋálɣə́nì, ɬyáɣə̂n
Nominal Features
- Plur
- ADJ: mərə́, nasáŋʃi, məːri
- AUX: tə́, tá, mə́, mə̀, má, kə́, myǎː, ʧǎː, ká, mə̀tàyáː
- DET: gyáː, gyaː, gyǎː, gyòː, gyópti, gèntsə̀, gyaːgón, giní, gyóːɗan, gìː
- NOUN: mə́n, zàrsə̀, guɗi, gerʃí, geɗí, gyòmɬì, gèntsə̀, gút, məːri, məːrí
- PRON: =ʃí, =mí, =wôpm, gòpm, tə̀, myàːní, =kí, =wàːsə̀ŋ, gyaːgón, =wâːn
- PROPN: Tuːraːwa, Bàtùràːye
- VERB: kǐːr, kwáːn, ngyǎːr, náːt, gǐːn, kǔːp, ngǔːp, náːɗíː, sǔn, ɲwǎːl
- VERB-Vnoun: ríːngə̂n, yàːlɣə̀nì, yáːlɣə̂n, yáːlɣə̂nín, ŋáːlɣə̂n
- Sing
- AUX: á, àː, wò, mə, kə, yáː, tə̀, ka, myáː, ʧáː
- PRON: =tə, gòs, =mə, =tə̀, =kə, yâːn, =wôs, =ɣə, myâːn, =wòs
- Cons
- ADJ: ŋǎː, mərə́
- NOUN: lə̌pm, lǎː, zǎːr, məːrí, gùŋ, ɮǐː, ngə̌tn, wǔɣn, dondə́, gút
- PRON: yàːʃí
- PROPN: Wǔːr
- VERB: haské, lə̌pm, miːtsə́
- Def
- ADJ: vàrèʃíː
- INTJ: áláléy
- NOUN: lǎːs, ngə́ʃês, vèːs, ngəʃí, gaːmês, kúnês, lə́ɓês, dàlíːlês, dàtə́pês, dèːs
- NUM: nàndàmêʃíː
- PRON: dàːʃès, =wâːnès, =wôpès, ginês, gòpès
- PROPN: Dʒòʃès, Daːvàrès, Kaɗə́mês, Kə́rmə̂s, Maláːrês, Malâːr
- VERB: *ngap-íː, kaɓêʃíː, miːtʃês, *làːtsə-íː, myákkə́nès, saɣátkə̂níː, ɬə̂ʃíː
- VERB-Vnoun: myákkə́nès, saɣátkə̂níː
- Ind
- ADJ: vàrì
- NOUN: gə̀ɗì, ləpí, də̀nì, lə́ɓi, gwàːʃì, gìːrì, ngə́ʃi, wuki, ɬərtí, duːmí
- NUM: mbə́ɬi, máːyi, nàmbóɲi
- PROPN: Gutʒey, Maláːri, Zaːri, Zaːrí
- VERB: miːtsey
- Spec
- DET: wón, gón, gwón, gòn, gyaːgón
- PRON: gón, gyaːgón
Degree and Polarity
- Neg
- PART: hŋ́, bàː, n, báː, bâː, ŋǎːn, baːbù, káɗá, hə́ŋ, ə̌n
Verbal Features
- Aor
- AUX: á, tə́, mə́, kə, mə, kə́, ɣə́, _, gə́, ɣə
- Conc
- AUX: myáːnaː, myàːnaː
- Imp
- AUX: ʧáː, myǎː, myáː, ʧǎː, mə̀tàyáː, tə̀tàyáː, ʧàː, kə̀tàyáː, átayáː, mətáyáː
- ImpIter
- AUX: ʧàːyí, ʧàːyi, kyàːyi, ʧáːyi, myàːyi, myàːyí, myáːyi, myǎːyi, ʧáː
- Inch
- PART: =ni, =nì
- Iter
- AUX: yi, yiː, kîː, mayi, táyi, k~, káyi, miː, mîː, mə̀yi
- PART: =ni, =nì, =nəni
- Perf
- AUX: àː, káː, máː, tàː, màː, máːtá, tàːtá, àːtá, màːtá, máːyí
- Prog
- AUX: ʧàː, ʧǎː, myǎː, ʧìɣá, kiɣá, miɣá, kyǎː, kìɣá, myàː, mìɣá
- Res
- ADV: ngaːláy
- VERB: ɬǐː, ɬíː, *kap-íː, ndáy, kaɓíː, táy, ɬǎːy, *tu-íː, laːtsə́y, ʧáːy
- Cnd
- AUX: yáː, kyáː, myàː, myáː, yǎː, kyàː, kyǎː, myǎː, ʧǎː, mǎː
- Irr
- ADV: dàː, kóːdàː
- AUX: mìː, ʧíː, mîː, ʧîː, kîː, ʧíyí, ʧíyǎː, kiː, kìː, míta
- Qot
- ADP: tu, kutun
- PART: wéy, tu
- Sub
- AUX: tə̀, mə̀, àː, tə̀yì
- Fut
- AUX: tá, wò, ka, má, ma, ká, ɣa, ɣá, mayi, táyi
- Imm
- AUX: áyǎː, kíː, máːyí, àːyí, áyí, mìyǎː, míyàː, ǎːy, ʧìː
- Rec
- AUX: mənáːyáː, kənáː, mənáyáː, mənáː
- Rem
- AUX: átâ, mətá, mə̀tàyáː, tə̀tàyáː, tà, kətá, mə̀tà, kə̀tàyáː, tə̀tà, kə̀tà
- Cau
- VERB: ɬə̌ːríː, ɬə́ːr, ʃíːr, tùlár, ɗîːɓár, ɬə́ːríː, ɬə̌ːr, ɲolár
Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers
- Dem
- ADV: yáːwón, ɗáni, ɗân, ɗangəní, ɗûːn, ɗúːni, ɗaɗân, ʤǎːn, ɗangənín, ɗaɗáni
- DET: gíː, gín, giní, ɗányâːlíː, XX
- PRON: gíː, gín, giní, ginês, ginín
- Ind
- PRON: wáːni, gón, kóːnaːgyòː
- Int
- ADV: wuriː, wúr, gyóː, téːɗôː, wuríː, yǎː, ìnáː, ɗòː, ɗôː
- DET: gyòː, gyôː, wuriː, gyóː, níː
- PRON: níː, niː, nîː, núː, nûː, gyòː, kóːnúː, míː, níːwáːni, níːwóneː
- Prs
- PRON: =tə, ɣáy, =ʃí, gòs, =mí, =mə, =tə̀, gáy, =kə, yâːn
- SCONJ: yâːn
- Rel
- ADV: yáddiyóːɗan, yandìyóːɗan, yádda, yáddà, yándiyóːɗan, yə́ddà, ɗa, ɗan
- PRON: yóːɗan, gyóːɗan, dàːsóːɗa, yáddà, yóːɗaŋ
- SCONJ: ɗan, ɗa
- Tot
- DET: káp
- PRON: kóːnúː, kóːgón
- Yes
- PRON: gòs, =âtn, =wàːsə̀ŋ, gə̀tn, =wáːsə̀ŋ, =wôpm, =wôs, =atn, =wôpíː, =wâːsə̀nə́y
- Yes
- PRON: =kí, =mí, =ʃí, =tə, =ɣə, gamatn, ɣə
- 1
- AUX: mə́, mə̀, mə, má, myáː, myǎː, ma, máː, mətá, mə̀tàyáː
- PRON: =mí, =mə, myâːn, =âtn, =wôpm, gòpm, myáːni, myàːní, mì, =wòpm
- 2
- AUX: kə, kə́, ka, kyáː, káː, ká, àː, kətá, kə̀tàyáː, ɣə́
- PRON: =kə, =ɣə, =kí, gwàː, =wâːn, =wâː, =ɣə̀, gwàːn, kyàːní, kyâːn
- 3
- AUX: á, tə́, tá, wò, àː, tə̀, yáː, ʧáː, ʧǎː, átâ
- PRON: =tə, ɣáy, =ʃí, gòs, =tə̀, gáy, yâːn, =wôs, tə, =wòs
Other Features
- Deixis
- Prox
- ADV: ɗangənín
- DET: gín, giní
- NOUN: murín, múrín, ngəʃín, mənín, *dǔːm-ə́n, *kâːr-ə́n, *kúni-ə́n, *kə̂ːm-ə́n, *wukn-ín, Bàtúːrén
- PART: ɣənín, gənín, kənín, ěːn
- PRON: gín, =wòpə́n, =ɣə, ginín, gwàːsə̀ŋə́n, gáyín, gòpə́n, kaɗaŋʃín
- PROPN: Tuːraːwán
- VERB-Vnoun: *ɬə́ɣə́ni-ə́n, mbútkə̂nín, yáːlɣə̂nín
- Remt
- ADJ: fyáːlíː, ngómdíː, vàrèʃíː
- ADV: ʧiɣə́y, ɗáníː, ɗanyâːlíː, ʧíɣə́y
- DET: gíː, wupsíː, ɗányâːlíː
- NOUN: lə́ɓíː, *bàːba-íː, *mókʃi-íː, bóːlǐː, múríː, ndə́ːtsə́y, ɗúːy, ɬúːy, ɬûː, *hàkuríwôʃíː
- NUM: nàndàmêʃíː
- PRON: gíː, gə̀tíː, =wàːsə̀ŋə́y, =wôpíː, gwǎːy, gòs, yáːníː, ɣáyíː
- PROPN: *Maláːri-íː, Kìmsə́y, Kímsə́y, Kímsə̂y, Súléy, Súːmíː, Vùŋə́y
- VERB: yáːɬíː, láːpkə̂níː, ʧáːɣə̂níː
- VERB-Vnoun: láːpkə̂níː, ʧáːɣə̂níː
- Prox
- Foreign
- Yes
- X: nan, shi, ba, kura, a, tunda, kafin, wannan, ɗaya, OK
- Yes
- PartType
- Emp
- PART: oː, òː, kwǎː, ǒːy, hôː, woː, yôː
- Int
- PART: aː, a:, ŋâː, ŋaː, eː, àː, ŋǎː, ŋǎːn, à:, bâː
- Emp
Syntax
Auxiliary Verbs and Copula
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: _.
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: _.
Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts
Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).
- nsubj
- VERB--NOUN (174)
- VERB--PRON (101)
- obj
- VERB--NOUN (537)
- VERB--NOUN-ADP(ká) (2)
- VERB--NOUN-ADP(ká)-ADP(teː) (1)
- VERB--NOUN-ADP(kə́) (1)
- VERB--NOUN-ADP(tu) (1)
- VERB--NOUN-ADP(tə́) (1)
- VERB--PRON (332)
- VERB--PRON-ADP(kutu) (1)
- VERB--PRON-ADP(tu) (5)
- VERB-Vnoun--NOUN (28)
- VERB-Vnoun--PRON (4)
- iobj
- VERB--PRON (124)
Verbs with Reflexive Core Objects
- This corpus contains 6 lemmas that occur at least once with a reflexive core object (obj or iobj). Examples: su =kí, su =mí, su ɣə, vər gamatn, ɬiː =ʃí, ʤaː =ɣə
Relations Overview
- This corpus uses 8 relation subtypes: acl:relcl, cc:preconj, compound:prt, compound:redup, flat:foreign, flat:name, nmod:poss, obl:arg
- The following 5 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: expl, clf, list, orphan, goeswith