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UD English GENTLE

Language: English (code: en)
Family: IE

This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.12 release.

The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Tatsuya Aoyama, Shabnam Behzad, Luke Gessler, Lauren Levine, Yi-Ju Jessica Lin, Yang Janet Liu, Siyao Logan Peng, Yilun Zhu, Amir Zeldes.

Repository: UD_English-GENTLE
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.15

License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Genre: academic, grammar-examples, legal, medical, nonfiction, poetry, social, spoken

Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either English-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [amir • zeldes (æt) georgetown • edu]. Development of the treebank happens outside the UD repository. If there are bugs, either the original data source or the conversion procedure must be fixed. Do not submit pull requests against the UD repository.

Annotation	Source
Lemmas	annotated manually
UPOS	annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD
XPOS	annotated manually
Features	annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD
Relations	annotated manually, natively in UD style

Description

Repository for the Genre Tests for Linguistic Evaluation (GENTLE) Corpus

This repository contains release versions of the Genre Tests for Linguistic Evaluation (GENTLE) corpus, an English out-of-domain test set following the same multilayer annotations found in the GUM corpus. The texts are of the following 8 genres:

• dictionary entries
• live esports commentary
• legal documents
• medical notes
• poetry
• mathematical proofs
• course syllabuses
• threat letters

Acknowledgments

Statistics of UD English GENTLE

POS Tags

ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – SYM – VERB – X

Features

Abbr – Case – Definite – Degree – ExtPos – Gender – Mood – Number – NumForm – NumType – Person – Polarity – Poss – PronType – Reflex – Style – Tense – Typo – VerbForm – Voice

Relations

acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advcl:relcl – advmod – amod – appos – aux – aux:pass – case – cc – cc:preconj – ccomp – compound – compound:prt – conj – cop – csubj – csubj:outer – csubj:pass – dep – det – det:predet – discourse – dislocated – expl – fixed – flat – goeswith – iobj – mark – nmod – nmod:poss – nmod:unmarked – nsubj – nsubj:outer – nsubj:pass – nummod – obj – obl – obl:agent – obl:unmarked – orphan – parataxis – punct – reparandum – root – vocative – xcomp

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

• This corpus contains 1334 sentences, 17619 tokens and 17799 syntactic words.

• This corpus contains 2623 tokens (15%) that are not followed by a space.

• This corpus does not contain words with spaces.

• This corpus contains 117 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: 's, n't, 'm, 're, 've, Pp., p., 'll, J., Dr., q.d., 't, (a), (b), U.S., v., (c), Proto-Germanic, a), e.g., etc., non-empty, o'er, semi-finals, (i), (ii), (iv), /s/, C.J., G′r, Inc., Mr., Prof., Proto-Indo-European, U.S.C., b), i), ii), iii), iv), ’re, ’s, #FortniteWorldCup, 'd, 'ed, 'ta, (D), (E), (F), (iii)

• This corpus contains 180 multi-word tokens. On average, one multi-word token consists of 2.00 syntactic words.
• There are 63 types of multi-word tokens. Examples: gonna, I'm, don't, it's, he's, Company's, can't, that's, we're, 'tis, I'll, I've, cannot, party's, woman's, you're, you've, Court's, Does', Night's, didn't, doesn't, mother's, one's, thats, they're, today's, wasn't, we've, won't, wouldn't, Ashley's, Here's, Horses', I'd, Ii'll, JarkoS', Roe's, Techtonica’s, UVA's, We'll, We’re, What's, Which's, appellee's, aren't, bosom's, cushion's, demon's, episodes's.

Morphology

Tags

• This corpus uses 17 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, SYM, VERB, X

• This corpus contains 10 word types tagged as particles (PART): ', 's, 'ta, n't, na, not, n’t, to, too, ’s

• This corpus contains 42 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): I, anyone, anything, everyone, everything, he, her, himself, his, interesting, it, its, itself, my, myself, nothing, one, our, ourselves, she, somebody, someone, something, that, thee, their, themselves, there, they, this, thou, thy, we, what, whatever, which, who, whoever, whose, you, your, yourself

• This corpus contains 17 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): a, all, another, any, both, each, either, every, no, some, such, that, the, this, what, which, ∀

• Out of the above, 4 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: that, this, what, which

• This corpus contains 13 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): be, can, could, do, get, have, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would

• Out of the above, 4 lemmas occurred sometimes as AUX and sometimes as VERB: be, do, get, have

• There are 4 (de)verbal forms:

• Fin
  • AUX: is, will, can, was, are, 's, has, may, would, should
  • VERB: has, let, have, said, Suppose, follows, is, know, had, see

• Ger
  • VERB: following, increasing, Testing, having, rapping, working, dissenting, entreating, involving, killing

• Inf
  • AUX: be, have, do, get
  • VERB: have, get, do, make, see, try, take, become, continue, go

• Part
  • AUX: been, being, Having
  • VERB: gon, done, going, noted, given, having, applied, assigned, charged, connected

Nominal Features

• Gender

• Fem
  • PRON: her, she, hers

• Masc
  • PRON: he, his, him, himself

• Neut
  • PRON: it, its, itself

• Number

• Plur
  • AUX-Fin: are, 're, were, have, do, 've, did, art, is, was
  • DET: these, those
  • NOUN: Data, days, fees, people, weeks, Structures, players, tools, Algorithms, angels
  • PRON: we, they, our, them, you, their, us, those, these, Ourselves
  • PROPN: Does, Champions, Services, Antonyms, Reversals, States, Tools, Affairs, Americans, Data
  • VERB-Fin: have, know, are, need, had, name, passed, brought, diverged, get

• Ptan
  • NOUN: Ergonomics, Thanks, clothes

• Sing
  • AUX-Fin: is, was, 's, has, 'm, do, are, 've, had, did
  • DET: this, that
  • NOUN: x, week, T, project, S, school, y, time, party, trust
  • PRON: I, you, he, it, his, my, your, me, that, this
  • PROPN: Company, JavaScript, Book, Proposition, Court, English, Week, Career, React, Agreement
  • SYM: %
  • VERB-Fin: has, said, follows, is, think, Quoth, came, had, heard, took

• Case

• Acc
  • PRON: it, me, you, him, them, her, us, thee, yourself, himself

• Gen
  • PRON: his, my, your, its, our, her, their, you

• Nom
  • PRON: I, you, he, we, it, they, she, 't, him, Ii

• Definite

• Def
  • DET: the

• Ind
  • DET: a, an

Degree and Polarity

• Degree

• Cmp
  • ADJ: more, lower, better, greater, stronger, worse, Fewer, denser, earlier, further
  • ADV: better, more, longer, earlier, less, farther, faster, later, sooner

• Pos
  • ADJ: next, other, old, open, straight, chronic, right, transitive, final, good
  • ADV: well, still, back, ever, Therefore, above, down, nevermore, again, away

• Sup
  • ADJ: nearest, closest, smallest, best, least, most, hardest, lowest, shortest
  • ADV: most, best

• Polarity

• Neg
  • ADV: no
  • CCONJ: neither, nor
  • PART: not, n't, n’t

• Pos
  • INTJ: Yes, Yeah

Verbal Features

• Mood

• Imp
  • AUX-Fin: be
  • VERB-Fin: let, Suppose, see, tell, consider, take, Call, get, Install, Leave

• Ind
  • AUX-Fin: is, was, are, 's, has, do, 'm, 're, 've, have
  • VERB-Fin: has, have, said, follows, is, know, had, took, think, Quoth

• Tense

• Past
  • AUX-Fin: was, did, had, were
  • AUX-Part: been
  • VERB-Fin: said, had, took, came, heard, did, got, held, passed, thought
  • VERB-Part: done, noted, given, applied, assigned, charged, connected, colored, considered, defined

• Pres
  • AUX-Fin: is, are, 's, has, do, 'm, 're, 've, have, does
  • AUX-Part: being, Having
  • VERB-Fin: has, have, follows, is, know, think, Quoth, need, are, continues
  • VERB-Part: gon, going, having, playing, Testing, doing, following, including, scoring, using

• Voice

• Pass
  • VERB-Part: done, noted, applied, assigned, charged, connected, given, colored, considered, defined

Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers

• PronType

• Art
  • DET: the, a, an

• Dem
  • ADV: then, here, there
  • DET: this, that, these, such, those
  • PRON: there, that, this, those, these

• Emp
  • PRON: itself

• Ind
  • DET: any, all, some, every, another, each, both, such, ∀
  • PRON: something, anything, anyone, someone, some, somebody

• Int
  • ADV: when, how, where, whereby
  • DET: what, which
  • PRON: what, Which, who, whose

• Neg
  • DET: no, know
  • PRON: nothing, one

• Prs
  • PRON: you, I, he, it, his, we, my, your, me, they

• Rcp
  • DET: each

• Rel
  • ADV: where, how, when
  • PRON: that, which, what, who, whom, Whoever, whose, wich

• Tot
  • DET: all, each, both
  • PRON: everything, everyone

• NumType

• Card
  • NUM: one, 1, 5, 2, two, 4, 3, X, 10, three

• Frac
  • ADV: half
  • NOUN: half
  • NUM: 1.2, 1.5, 112.7, 14.2, 26.5, 3.5, 3.75, 36.6, 4.0, 4.6

• Mult
  • ADV: twice, once

• Ord
  • ADJ: first, third, second, fifth, sixth, 11th, 14th, 1st, 24th, 25th
  • ADV: first

• Poss

• Yes
  • PRON: his, my, your, its, our, her, their, mine, whose, hers

• Reflex

• Yes
  • PRON: yourself, himself, myself, itself, Ourselves, it, themselves

• Person

• 1
  • AUX-Fin: 'm, do, 've, 're, am, was, did, had, are, have
  • PRON: I, we, my, me, our, us, myself, mine, Ourselves
  • VERB-Fin: said, have, heard, need, had, implore, passed, stood, thought, want

• 2
  • AUX-Fin: are, do, 're, 've, have, be, ’re
  • PRON: you, your, yourself, thou, yours
  • VERB-Fin: let, Suppose, see, get, tell, consider, know, take, think, Call
  • VERB-Inf: Let, see, do, drop, have, quaff, take, use, Articulate, Become

• 3
  • AUX-Fin: is, was, are, 's, has, were, have, does, did, do
  • PRON: he, it, his, they, its, him, her, them, their, she
  • VERB-Fin: has, follows, is, Quoth, are, continues, had, held, precedes, took

Other Features

• Abbr
  • Yes
    • ADJ: U.S.
    • ADV: e.g.
    • NOUN: mg, Pp., p., DH, etc., kg, CV, No., TEMP, TV
    • PROPN: HTML, J., Dr., US, U.S., CBC, Inc., Mr., Prof., U.S.C.
    • X: PS

• ExtPos
  • ADP
    • ADJ: such
    • ADV: prior
    • VERB-Part: according
  • ADV
    • ADP: So, up
    • ADV: as, more, less, prior
    • NOUN: kind
    • PRON: that
  • CCONJ
    • ADV: as
  • PRON
    • DET: each
  • SCONJ
    • ADJ: such
    • ADV: prior

• NumForm
  • Combi
    • ADJ: 11th, 14th, 1st, 24th, 25th, 27th, 4th, 9th
  • Digit
    • NUM: 1, 5, 2, 4, 3, 10, 15, 20, 30, 6
  • Roman
    • NUM: X, VI, II
  • Word
    • ADJ: first, third, second, fifth, sixth, Ninth
    • ADV: first, twice, once, half
    • NOUN: half
    • NUM: one, two, three, five, four, six, million, nil, thousand, eight

• Style
  • Arch
    • ADP: o'er
    • ADV: o'er
    • AUX-Fin: hath, art
    • PRON: thy, 't, thou
    • VERB-Fin: Quoth, wrought
  • Coll
    • PART: 'ta
  • Vrnc
    • VERB-Fin: wan
    • VERB-Part: gon

• Typo
  • Yes
    • ADJ: Africanner
    • ADV: justl, than, to
    • AUX-Fin: s, 'ed, d
    • CCONJ: an
    • DET: all, know
    • NOUN: visiter, p, principal
    • PART: too
    • PRON: what, Ii, it, some, the, wich, you
    • PROPN: Pharoah, Torooh, israelities
    • VERB: Be, here, Trying, arranged, broke, deem, know, pick, ran, reverse
    • VERB-Fin: deem, here, pick, reverse
    • VERB-Ger: Trying
    • VERB-Inf: arranged, here, testified
    • VERB-Part: broke, know, ran, went

Syntax

Auxiliary Verbs and Copula

• This corpus uses 1 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: be.

• This corpus uses 12 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: will, be, have, can, do, would, may, should, shall, could, must, might.
• This corpus uses 2 lemmas as passive auxiliaries (aux:pass). Examples: be, get.

Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts

Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).

• nsubj
  • VERB-Fin--NOUN (127)
  • VERB-Fin--PRON (36)
  • VERB-Fin--PRON-Nom (227)
  • VERB-Ger--NOUN (1)
  • VERB-Ger--PRON-ADP(as) (1)
  • VERB-Ger--PRON-Nom (1)
  • VERB-Inf--NOUN (31)
  • VERB-Inf--PRON (6)
  • VERB-Inf--PRON-Nom (108)
  • VERB-Part--NOUN (34)
  • VERB-Part--PRON (7)
  • VERB-Part--PRON-Nom (73)

• obj
  • VERB-Fin--NOUN (199)
  • VERB-Fin--PRON (18)
  • VERB-Fin--PRON-Acc (35)
  • VERB-Ger--NOUN (31)
  • VERB-Ger--PRON-Acc (3)
  • VERB-Inf--NOUN (167)
  • VERB-Inf--PRON (12)
  • VERB-Inf--PRON-Acc (45)
  • VERB-Part--NOUN (89)
  • VERB-Part--PRON (7)
  • VERB-Part--PRON-Acc (11)

• iobj
  • VERB-Fin--NOUN (2)
  • VERB-Fin--PRON-Acc (7)
  • VERB-Inf--NOUN (3)
  • VERB-Inf--PRON-Acc (10)
  • VERB-Part--PRON (1)
  • VERB-Part--PRON-Acc (5)

Verbs with Reflexive Core Objects

• This corpus contains 10 lemmas that occur at least once with a reflexive core object (obj or iobj). Examples: get himself, hide myself, associate themselves, betak myself, buy himself, do yourself, give yourself, hold ourselves, make yourself, reverse it
• Out of those, 1 lemmas occurred more than once, but never without a reflexive dependent. Examples: hide

Relations Overview

• This corpus uses 14 relation subtypes: acl:relcl, advcl:relcl, aux:pass, cc:preconj, compound:prt, csubj:outer, csubj:pass, det:predet, nmod:poss, nmod:unmarked, nsubj:outer, nsubj:pass, obl:agent, obl:unmarked
• The following 2 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: clf, list

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