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aux:pass: passive auxiliary

A passive auxiliary of a clause is a form of the auxiliary verb být “to be” used to construct the periphrastic passive voice (in any tense or in the infinitive).

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Kennedy byl zabit . \n Kennedy was killed .
aux:pass(zabit, byl)
aux:pass(killed, was)
{
    "text": "Kennedy byl zabit . \n Kennedy was killed . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 30, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 34, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 42 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "aux:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "aux:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Kennedy bude zabit . \n Kennedy will-be killed .
aux:pass(zabit, bude)
aux:pass(killed, will-be)
{
    "text": "Kennedy bude zabit . \n Kennedy will-be killed . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 19, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 23, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 31, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 39, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 46, 47 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "aux:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "aux:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Kennedy netušil , že jeho osudem je být zabit . \n Kennedy did-not-anticipate that his fate is to-be killed .
aux:pass(zabit, být)
aux:pass(killed, to-be)
{
    "text": "Kennedy netušil , že jeho osudem je být zabit . \n Kennedy did-not-anticipate that his fate is to-be killed . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 16, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 26, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 33, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 36, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 40, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 50, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 58, 76 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T14", "token", [ [ 77, 81 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T15", "token", [ [ 82, 85 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T16", "token", [ [ 86, 90 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T17", "token", [ [ 91, 93 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T18", "token", [ [ 94, 99 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T19", "token", [ [ 100, 106 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T20", "token", [ [ 107, 108 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "aux:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "aux:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T19" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T18" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

Note that the passive participle may be also used as nominal predicate with copula. Hence it may be difficult to distinguish a passive construction from a copula construction. The former focuses on the process while the latter emphasizes the result.

• Passive:

Smlouva byla podepsána v Bílém domě . \n Contract was signed in White House .
aux:pass(podepsána, byla)
aux:pass(signed, was)

• Copula:

Smlouva byla podepsána červeným inkoustem . \n Contract was signed in-red ink .
cop(podepsána, byla)
cop(signed, was)

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aux:pass in other languages: [cs] [de] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [gd] [gsw] [it] [no] [pa] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sv] [u] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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