ExtPos: external part of speech
| Values: | ADJ | ADP | ADV | CCONJ | DET | INTJ | PRON | PROPN | SCONJ |
This feature differs significantly from all other features: It describes neither the lexical category,
nor the inflectional paradigm slot of the token it appears on. Rather than to the individual token,
it pertains to a multiword expression and indicates the part of speech that the expression would get
if it were analyzed as a single word. ExtPos is annotated at the head node of the multiword
expression. The possible values are taken from the defined UPOS tags and no other
values are allowed (not even at the language-specific level). The main motivation for ExtPos is that
the multiword expression may behave like a part of speech different from the UPOS of the head node;
however, ExtPos is sometimes used even if it is identical to the UPOS of the head node. Also, it is
not strictly necessary that the expression is multiword – if one of the words of the expression is
omitted by mistake, or if a single word has been coerced into a part of speech different from its
lexical one, ExtPos may be used to signal it.
ExtPos is strongly recommended for fixed functional multiword expressions (the head node has one
or more children attached via the fixed relation). These should normally lead to ExtPos values
ADP, ADV, CCONJ, DET, PRON, SCONJ (the fixed relation should not be used for compounds
that work like content words). However, ExtPos is occasionally useful in other situations, too:
for example, when a multiword expression acts as a proper noun (although its parts behave like other
words) or as an interjection.
ADJ: adjective-like expression
Examples
- [sv] före detta (a multiword adjective paraphrasable as “former”, lit. “before that”; the first node is ADV)
ADP: adposition-like expression
Multiword adpositions occur in many languages. Often they are grammaticalized prepositional phrases.
Examples
- [cs] na rozdíl ode mne “in contrast to me” (here the first node is the technical head and it is a preposition itself, so UPOS =
ExtPos) - [cs] nehledě na jeho úspěchy “disregarding his achievements” (here the first node is a VERB)
ADV: adverb-like expression
Examples
- [en] by and large (a multiword adverb paraphrasable as “altogether”; the first node is ADP)
CCONJ: coordinating conjunction-like expression
Examples
- [fr] ainsi que “as well as” (ainsi = ADV)
DET: determiner-like expression
Examples
- [fr] le volcan émet de la vapeur “the volcano emits steam” (de =
ADP)
INTJ: interjection-like expression
Examples
- [es] ¡Por Dios! “for God’s sake” (por =
ADP, Dios = PROPN)
PRON: pronoun-like expression
Examples
- [en] each other (each = DET)
PROPN: proper noun-like expression
Examples
- [cs] Jeho kniha Most přes řeku Kwai byla zfilmována. “His book The Bridge over the River Kwai was made into a movie.” (Most = NOUN)
SCONJ: subordinator-like expression
Examples
- [fr] bien que “although” (bien =
ADV)
ExtPos in other languages: [bej] [de] [en] [fr] [ha] [ht] [pcm] [pt] [u]