PRON: pronoun
Definition
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
Pronouns under this definition function like nouns. Note that Middle Armenian grammar traditionally extends the term pronoun to words that substitute for adjectives.
Such words are not tagged PRON under our universal scheme. They are tagged as determiners in order to ensure parallel annotation across languages.
For instance, այդ/ayd “that” is traditionally treated as a pronoun in Middle Armenian grammar, regardless of context.
To make the annotation parallel across languages, it is tagged PRON in Այդ անտից լինի, որ… “That is because of…” and DET in Այդ մէկ ապրիկն է պիտանի։ “That one soup is useful.”
Note that Middle Armenian possessive pronouns have a distinct inflectional paradigm and agree in case with the noun they modify.
Examples
- personal pronouns: ես/es “I”, դու/dow “you”, ինք/ink’ “he/she/it”, մեք/mek’ “we”, դուք/dowk’ “you”, իրենք/irenk’ “they”
- possessive pronouns: իմ/im “my”, քո/ko “your”, իւր (իր)/iwr (ir) “his/her/its”, մեր/mer “our”, ձեր/jer “your”, իրենց (իրանց, իւրեանց, իւրենց)/irenc’ (iranc’, iwreanc’, iwrenc’) “their”
- demonstrative pronouns: սա/sa “this”, դա/da “that”, նա/na “that”, սոքա/soka “these”, դոքա/doka “those”, նոքա/noka “those”, այս/ays “this”, այսոք/aysok’ “these”, այդոք/aydok’ “those”, այնոք/aynok’ “those”, իսա/isa “this”, իտա (իդա)/ita (ida) “that”, ինա/ina “that”
- reciprocal pronouns: իրաց/irac’ “one another, each other”, միմեանց (միմենց)/mimeanc’ (mimenc’) “one another, each other”
- interrogative pronouns: ո՞վ/ov “who?”, զի՞նչ/zinč “what?”
- relative pronouns: ով/ov “who”, որ/or “that, which”, զինչ/zinč “what”
- indefinite pronouns: մարդ/mard “one, someone”, ոք/ok’ “one, someone”, մէկ մի/mēk mi “one, any”, այլ/ayl “other”, մէկայլ/mēkayl “another”
- total pronouns: ամէն/amēn, ամէն մէկ/amēn mēk “all (of things)/all (of people), everyone”
- negative pronouns: ոչ ով/oč ov, ոչինչ/očinč, ոչ որ/oč or “nobody, nothing, no one”
PRON in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [grc] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [hyw] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [nci] [nmf] [no] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sla] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]