PRON: pronoun
Definition
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
Pronouns under this definition function like nouns. Note that Middle Armenian grammar traditionally extends the term pronoun to words that substitute for adjectives.
Such words are not tagged PRON under our universal scheme. They are tagged as determiners in order to annotate the same thing same way across languages.
For instance, այդ/ayd “that” is traditionally called pronoun in Middle Armenian grammar, regardless of context (for the notion of determiners in some Armenian grammars, terms exist like attributive pronouns or pronominal adjectives).
To make the annotation parallel across languages, it should be now tagged PRON in Այդ անտից լինի, որ… “That is because of…” and DET in Այդ մէկ ապրիկն է պիտանի։ “That one soup is useful.”
Examples
- personal pronouns: ես/es, դու/dow, ինք/ink’, մեք/mek’, դուք/dowk’, իրենք/irenk’ “I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they”
- possessive pronouns (which usually stand alone as a nominal): իմ/im, քո/ko, իւր (իր)/iwr (ir), մեր/mer, ձեր/jer, իրենց (իրանց, իւրեանց, իւրենց)/irenc’ (iranc’, iwreanc’, iwrenc’) “my, your, our, your (pl.), his/her/its, their”
- demonstrative pronouns: սա/sa, դա/da, նա/na, (սոքա/soka, դոքա/doka, նոքա/noka ), այս/ays, այդ/ayd, այն/ayn (այսոք/aysok’, այդոք/aydok’, այնոք/aynok’), իսա, իտա (իդա), ինա “this, that, that”
- reciprocal pronouns: իրաց/irac’, միմեանց/mimeanc’ (միմենց/mimenc’) “one another, each other”
- interrogative pronouns: ո՞վ/ov, զի՞նչ/zinč “who?, what?”
- relative pronouns: ով/ov, որ/or, զինչ/zinč “who, that/which, what”
- indefinite pronouns: մարդ/mard, ոք/ok’, մէկ մի/mēk mi, այլ/ayl, մէկայլ/mēkayl, միւս/miws “one/someone, one/someone, one/any, other, another”
- total pronouns: ամէն/amēn, ամէն մէկ/amēn mēk “all (of things)/all (of people), everyone”
- negative pronouns: ոչ ով, ոչինչ, ոչ որ “nobody, nothing, no one”
PRON in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [nci] [nmf] [no] [oge] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sla] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]