PRON: pronoun
Pronouns can substitute for nouns and come in the following categories:
Personal Pronouns (xpos prps)
These are pronouns which stand as independent words and mark Person, Gender, and Number. They typically appear as nsubj or dislocated.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Ruth-1:3-hbo
# text = וַיָּ֥מָת אֱלִימֶ֖לֶךְ אִ֣ישׁ נָעֳמִ֑י וַתִּשָּׁאֵ֥ר הִ֖יא וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽיהָ׃
# translit = ṿayamat ʼelimelekh ʼish naʻomi ṿatishaʼer hiʼ ushne baneha
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
1-2 וַיָּ֥מָת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=ṿa
2 יָּ֥מָת מות VERB verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Gloss=die|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=yamat
3 אֱלִימֶ֖לֶךְ אלימלך PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Elimelech|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=ʼelimelekh
4 אִ֣ישׁ אישׁ NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=man|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=ʼish
5 נָעֳמִ֑י נעמי PROPN nmpr Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Naomi|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=naʻomi
6-7 וַתִּשָּׁאֵ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=ṿa
7 תִּשָּׁאֵ֥ר שׁאר VERB verb Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIFAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Gloss=remain|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=tishaʼer
8 הִ֖יא היא PRON prps Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=hiʼ
9-10 וּשְׁנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9 וּ ו CCONJ conj _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=u
10 שְׁנֵ֥י שׁנים NUM subs Number=Dual|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=shene
11-12 בָנֶֽיהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11 בָנֶֽי בן NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 conj _ Gloss=son|Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=bane
12 הָ היא PRON prn Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Ref=RUTH_1.3|Translit=ha
13 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 2 punct _ Ref=RUTH_1.3
וימת אלימלך איש נעמי ותשאר היא ושני בניה׃
ṿayamat ʼelimelekh ʼish naʻomi ṿatishaʼer hiʼ ushne baneha
And Elimelech the husband of Naomi died and she was left alone she and her two sons.
They can also serve as distal demonstratives, in which case they usually take a definite marker and appear after the noun.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Genesis-33:16-hbo
# text = וַיָּשָׁב֩ בַּיֹּ֨ום הַה֥וּא עֵשָׂ֛ו לְדַרְכֹּ֖ו שֵׂעִֽירָה׃
# translit = ṿayashav bayom hahuʼ ʻeśaṿ ledarko śeʻirah
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
1-2 וַיָּשָׁב֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=ṿa
2 יָּשָׁב֩ שׁוב VERB verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Gloss=return|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=yashav
3-5 בַּיֹּ֨ום _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 בַּ ב ADP prep _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=ba
4 _ ה DET art PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=
5 יֹּ֨ום יום NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=yom
6-7 הַה֥וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 הַ ה DET art PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=ha
7 ה֥וּא הוא PRON prps Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 det _ Gloss=he|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=huʼ
8 עֵשָׂ֛ו עשׂו PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Esau|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=ʻeśaṿ
9-11 לְדַרְכֹּ֖ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9 לְ ל ADP prep _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=le
10 דַרְכֹּ֖ דרך NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=way|Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=darko
11 ו הוא PRON prn Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Ref=GEN_33.16|Translit=ṿ
12 שֵׂעִֽירָה שׂעיר PROPN nmpr Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=Seir|Ref=GEN_33.16|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=śeʻirah
13 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 2 punct _ Ref=GEN_33.16
וישב ביום ההוא עשו לדרכו שעירה׃
ṿayashav bayom hahuʼ ʻeśaṿ ledarko śeʻirah
And on that day Esau returned to his road and toward Seir.
Pronominal Suffixes (xpos prn)
These are suffixed forms which alternate with the non-demonstrative use of personal pronouns. They can attach to NOUNs, ADPs, VERBs, and sometimes ADVs.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Ruth-1:10-hbo
# text = וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה־לָּ֑הּ כִּי־אִתָּ֥ךְ נָשׁ֖וּב לְעַמֵּֽךְ׃
# translit = ṿatoʼmarnah lah ki ʼitakh nashuv leʻamekh
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 13 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 13 fgColor:white
1-2 וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=ṿa
2 תֹּאמַ֖רְנָה אמר VERB verb Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Gloss=say|Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=toʼmarnah
3 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 5 punct _ Ref=RUTH_1.10|SpaceAfter=No
4-5 לָּ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4 לָּ֑ ל ADP prep _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=la
5 הּ היא PRON prn Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=h
6 כִּי כי SCONJ conj _ 10 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=RUTH_1.10|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ki
7 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 6 punct _ Ref=RUTH_1.10|SpaceAfter=No
8-9 אִתָּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8 אִתָּ֥ את ADP prep _ 9 case _ Gloss=together.with|Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=ʼita
9 ךְ את PRON prn Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=ke
10 נָשׁ֖וּב שׁוב VERB verb Aspect=Imp|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ Gloss=return|Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=nashuv
11-13 לְעַמֵּֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11 לְ ל ADP prep _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=le
12 עַמֵּֽ עם NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=ʻame
13 ךְ את PRON prn Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Ref=RUTH_1.10|Translit=ke
14 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 2 punct _ Ref=RUTH_1.10
ותאמרנה־לה כי־אתך נשוב לעמך׃
ṿatoʼmarnah lah ki ʼitakh nashuv leʻamekh
And she said to her “Because with you we will return to your people.”.
Demonstrative Pronouns (xpos prde)
These are independent forms which can either stand alone (possibly with prepositions) or can serve to mark noun phrases as demonstrative in the same manner as personal pronouns.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Ruth-4:18-hbo
# text = וְאֵ֨לֶּה֙ תֹּולְדֹ֣ות פָּ֔רֶץ פֶּ֖רֶץ הֹולִ֥יד אֶת־חֶצְרֹֽון׃
# translit = ṿeʼeleh toldot parets perets holid ʼet ḥetsron
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1-2 וְאֵ֨לֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וְ ו CCONJ conj _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUTH_4.18|Translit=ṿe
2 אֵ֨לֶּה֙ אלה PRON prde Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 3 nsubj _ Gloss=these|Ref=RUTH_4.18|Translit=ʼeleh
3 תֹּולְדֹ֣ות תולדות NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=generations|Ref=RUTH_4.18|Translit=toldot
4 פָּ֔רֶץ פרץ PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Perez|Ref=RUTH_4.18|Translit=parets
5 פֶּ֖רֶץ פרץ PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Perez|Ref=RUTH_4.18|Translit=perets
6 הֹולִ֥יד ילד VERB verb Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIFIL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Gloss=bear|Ref=RUTH_4.18|Translit=holid
7 אֶת את ADP prep _ 9 case _ Gloss=<object.marker>|Ref=RUTH_4.18|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ʼet
8 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 7 punct _ Ref=RUTH_4.18|SpaceAfter=No
9 חֶצְרֹֽון חצרון PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=Hezron|Ref=RUTH_4.18|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ḥetsron
10 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 3 punct _ Ref=RUTH_4.18
ואלה תולדות פרץ פרץ הוליד את־חצרון׃
ṿeʼeleh toldot parets perets holid ʼet ḥetsron
And these are the generations of Perez: Perez fathered Hezron.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Genesis-24:28-hbo
# text = וַתָּ֨רָץ֙ הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ וַתַּגֵּ֖ד לְבֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑הּ כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃
# translit = ṿatarats hanaʻara ṿataged levet ʼimah kadbarim haʼeleh
# visual-style 15 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 15 fgColor:white
1-2 וַתָּ֨רָץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=ṿa
2 תָּ֨רָץ֙ רוץ VERB verb Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Gloss=run|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=tarats
3-4 הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 הַֽ ה DET art PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=ha
4 נַּעֲרָ֔ נערה NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=girl|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=naʻara
5-6 וַתַּגֵּ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=ṿa
6 תַּגֵּ֖ד נגד VERB verb Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIFIL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Gloss=report|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=taged
7-8 לְבֵ֣ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7 לְ ל ADP prep _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=le
8 בֵ֣ית בית NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=bet
9-10 אִמָּ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9 אִמָּ֑ אם NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=mother|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=ʼima
10 הּ היא PRON prn Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=h
11-13 כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11 כַּ כ ADP prep _ 13 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=ka
12 _ ה DET art PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=
13 דְּבָרִ֖ים דבר NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=word|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=devarim
14-15 הָאֵֽלֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14 הָ ה DET art PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=ha
15 אֵֽלֶּה אלה PRON prde Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 13 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=GEN_24.28|Translit=ʼeleh
16 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 2 punct _ Ref=GEN_24.28
ותרץ הנער ותגד לבית אמה כדברים האלה׃
ṿatarats hanaʻara ṿataged levet ʼimah kadbarim haʼeleh
And the young woman ran and told her mother’s house about these things.
Interrogative Pronouns (xpos prin)
There are two of these: the animate מי /mi/ “who” and the inanimate מה /mah/ “what”. Both of them appear alone or with prepositions.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Ruth-2:5-hbo
# text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בֹּ֨עַז֙ לְנַעֲרֹ֔ו הַנִּצָּ֖ב עַל־הַקֹּֽוצְרִ֑ים לְמִ֖י הַנַּעֲרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃
# translit = ṿayoʼmer boʻaz lenaʻaro hanitsav ʻal haḳotsrim lemi hanaʻarah hazoʼt
# visual-style 14 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 14 fgColor:white
1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=ṿa
2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אמר VERB verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Gloss=say|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=yoʼmer
3 בֹּ֨עַז֙ בעז PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Boaz|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=boʻaz
4-6 לְנַעֲרֹ֔ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4 לְ ל ADP prep _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=le
5 נַעֲרֹ֔ נער NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=boy|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=naʻaro
6 ו הוא PRON prn Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=ṿ
7-8 הַנִּצָּ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7 הַ ה SCONJ art _ 8 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=ha
8 נִּצָּ֖ב נצב VERB verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIFAL|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=stand|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=nitsav
9 עַל על ADP prep _ 12 case _ Gloss=upon|Ref=RUTH_2.5|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ʻal
10 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 9 punct _ Ref=RUTH_2.5|SpaceAfter=No
11-12 הַקֹּֽוצְרִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11 הַ ה DET art PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=ha
12 קֹּֽוצְרִ֑ים קצר NOUN verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAAL|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part 8 obl _ Gloss=harvest|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=ḳotsrim
13-14 לְמִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13 לְ ל ADP prep _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=le
14 מִ֖י מי PRON prin PronType=Int 2 ccomp _ Gloss=who|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=mi
15-16 הַנַּעֲרָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15 הַ ה DET art PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=ha
16 נַּעֲרָ֥ה נערה NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=girl|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=naʻarah
17-18 הַזֹּֽאת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
17 הַ ה DET art PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=ha
18 זֹּֽאת זאת PRON prde Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 16 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=RUTH_2.5|Translit=zoʼt
19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 2 punct _ Ref=RUTH_2.5
ויאמר בעז לנערו הנצב על־הקוצרים למי הנערה הזאת׃
ṿayoʼmer boʻaz lenaʻaro hanitsav ʻal haḳotsrim lemi hanaʻarah hazoʼt
And Boaz said to his young man who was stationed over the harvesters “whose is this young woman?”.
Features
All pronouns should have a value for PronType.
Personal pronouns (PronType=Prs) and demonstrative pronouns (PronType=Dem) should have Gender and Number.
Personal pronouns should additionally have Person.
Interrogative pronouns should not have additional features.
XPOS
In BHSA, pronouns can have the POS tags prde, prin, and prps, in addition to the pseudo-POS tag prn.
PRON in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [nci] [nmf] [no] [oge] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sla] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]