PRON: pronoun
Description
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
In Irish, third person pronouns (both singular and plural) have two forms, roughly corresponding to nominative (e.g. sé) and accusative (e.g. é) cases. Irish pronouns also have emphatic forms (e.g. seisean and eisean) . Pronouns are often incorporated through inflection in synthetic verb forms and prepositions.
Pronominal augments or subpredicates appear in copula constructions when the subject is 3rd person singular or plural. The pronoun precedes the subject.
Irish demonstratives are either post-determiners (see DET), when modifying a noun, or simply demonstrative pronouns (siúd, seo, sin), tagged as PRON.
Examples
personal pronouns
- mé “I”
- tú “you”
- sé “he”
- sí “she”
- muid “we”
- sibh “you” (pl)
-
siad “they”
- é “him”
- í “her”
- sinn “us”
- iad “them”
emphatic personal pronouns
- mise “me”
- tusa “you”
- seisean “he”
- eisean “him”
- sise “she”
- ise “her”
- muidne “we”
- sinne “us”
- sibhse” “you” (pl)
- siadsan “they”
- iadsan “them”
Pronominal augments or subpredicates
- An é Mairtín an múinteoir? “Is Martin the teacher?
- An í Máire an múinteoir? “Is Mary the teacher?
demonstrative pronouns
- seacht mbliana déag roimhe sin “seventeen years before that”
- ná déan seo agus ná déan súid “don’t do this and don’t do that”
Notes
Note that both the indirect and direct relative pronoun are represented by a. However, these are currently POS-tagged as PART
direct relative pronoun
- An radharc a bhí le feiceáil “The sight that could be seen”
indirect relative pronoun
- na cumhachtaí a dtugtar dó “The powers which are given to him”
Also note that pronouns can be incorporated in a word form through inflection. Currently these forms are not split and so take the POS tag of the lemma.
synthetic verbs with incorporated pronouns
These are tagged as VERB
- ceapaim “I think”
- cheapfainn “I would think”
- cheapfá “you would think”
inflected prepositions with incorporated pronouns
These are tagged as ADP
- agam “at me”
- agat “at you”
PRON in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [nci] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sla] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]