PRON

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`PRON`: pronoun

Definition

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

In Norwegian, the personal pronouns are the only words that inflect for case (nominative/accusative).

The relativizer som “that” is counted as a relative pronoun even though there are linguistic reasons to treat it as a subordinating conjunction (SCONJ). This is done in order to preserve information about the function of the antecedent in the syntactic analysis. Note that som “that” may also function as a preposition and will then receive the ADP tag (fortsette som leder “continue as leader”).

Examples

personal: han “he”, hun “she”, det “it”, ham “him”, henne “her”
demonstrative: dette “this”
reflexive: seg “self”
reciprocal: hverandre “eachother”
interrogative: hvem “who”, hva “what”, hvilken “which”
totality: alle “all”
indefinite: noen “some”
relative: som “that”

Treebank Statistics (UD_Norwegian)

There are 40 PRON lemmas (0%), 54 PRON types (0%) and 23860 PRON tokens (8%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 11 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: det, som, jeg, han, vi, de, seg, hun, du, dette

The 10 most frequent PRON types: det, som, jeg, han, vi, de, seg, hun, du, dette

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: det (PRON 5440, DET 1116, X 3), som (PRON 3317, ADP 1410, SCONJ 28, X 4), jeg (PRON 2795, NOUN 4), vi (PRON 2214, NOUN 1), de (PRON 1636, DET 1349, PROPN 11, X 6, ADV 1), seg (PRON 1231, X 1), du (PRON 799, NOUN 1), dette (PRON 587, DET 171), man (PRON 479, NOUN 1, X 1), den (DET 1494, PRON 437)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: det (PRON 3781, DET 931, X 3), som (PRON 3317, ADP 1336, X 4), jeg (PRON 1466, NOUN 4), vi (PRON 1246, NOUN 1), de (DET 1170, PRON 1054, PROPN 11, X 6, ADV 1), seg (PRON 1231, X 1), du (PRON 567, NOUN 1), dette (PRON 375, DET 142), man (PRON 428, X 1, NOUN 1), meg (PRON 441, ADP 1)

det
- PRON 3781: Er det flere rovdyr i denne sak ?
- DET 931: Amerikanske myndigheter avkrefter unnskyldningen på det sterkeste .
- X 3: Kåm dåkk ut , og det litt breinnkvikt “ , kanskje ?
som
- PRON 3317: Det er nok heller Frps økte politiske kjøttvekt som slår ut .
- ADP 1336: « … han behandler menneskene som dyr » .
- X 4: Jag sitter pa ett café där som heter Luzia .
jeg
- PRON 1466: Jeg føler meg også selv litt smittet ; jeg spør :
- NOUN 4: Hun tror Obama endelig vil vise sitt sanne jeg , hvis han blir gjenvalgt .
vi
- PRON 1246: Som vi spør , vil vi også få svar .
- NOUN 1: Det store vi er i dag lite kjent utenfor pressens vegger .
de
- DET 1170: Dette rører ved de dypeste verdiene og holdningene vi har . »
- PRON 1054: Ap ønsker ikke å så tvil om at de tror på ny rødgrønn valgseier .
- PROPN 11: - Jeg kjente ham godt , sier de Seynes .
- X 6: Deretter fulgte “ Turbot au Four - purée de chou-fleur “ .
- ADV 1: Han ryddet i neste omgang også Marcus Antonius av veien , og ble av senatet utropt til August , den opphøyde , de facto imperiets første keiser .
seg
- PRON 1231: Man bryter anstendighet for å si seg enig i det alle er enige om .
- X 1: Retten kan oppnemne en sakkunnig eller anna eigna person til å hjelpe seg , eller la ein sakkunnig ha samtale med barnet aleine . »
du
- PRON 567: - Bare gå etter lukten , du kjenner røyken lang vei .
- NOUN 1: Men det finnes ikke noe « du » , sa Karl Ove Knausgård i det svenske radioprogrammet « Sommar i P1 » 14. august .
dette
- PRON 375: Hva er dette ?
- DET 142: Hvorfor skulle vi egentlig noensinne forlate dette stedet ?
man
- PRON 428: Det er alltid så vanskelig når man går på puben og blir fristet .
- X 1: Jeg er solgt inn som en Ladies’ man .
- NOUN 1: Grand old man :
meg
- PRON 441: Jeg føler meg også selv litt smittet ; jeg spør :
- ADP 1: I 2010 ble Troms Kraft sterkt kritisert for å ha bidratt meg penger til et energiprosjekt ledet av Senterpartiet .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 1.350000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.382778).

The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “jeg”: Eg, jeg, meg, mig, mæ.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “de”: de, dem, demt.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “det”: det, dét, et.

PRON occurs with 8 features: PronType (23860; 100% instances), Number (18821; 79% instances), Person (18148; 76% instances), Case (12386; 52% instances), Gender (10250; 43% instances), Animacy (9745; 41% instances), Reflex (1231; 5% instances), Poss (4; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 25 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim, Case=Acc, Case=Gen, Case=Gen,Nom, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Fem,Masc, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Poss=Yes, PronType=Art,Prs, PronType=Ind,Prs, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Neg,Prs, PronType=Prs, PronType=Prs,Tot, PronType=Rcp, PronType=Rel, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 37 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs (6239 tokens). Examples: det, dette, alt, slikt, sånt, intet, dét, et

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 22 different relations: nsubj (14113; 59% instances), expl (3231; 14% instances), dobj (2914; 12% instances), nmod (1866; 8% instances), nsubjpass (628; 3% instances), iobj (482; 2% instances), root (242; 1% instances), conj (105; 0% instances), appos (86; 0% instances), xcomp (52; 0% instances), det (33; 0% instances), dislocated (23; 0% instances), advcl (18; 0% instances), remnant (11; 0% instances), compound (10; 0% instances), acl (8; 0% instances), ccomp (8; 0% instances), name (8; 0% instances), csubj (7; 0% instances), goeswith (6; 0% instances), parataxis (5; 0% instances), acl:relcl (4; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (18791; 79% instances), ADJ (2091; 9% instances), NOUN (1949; 8% instances), PRON (263; 1% instances), ROOT (242; 1% instances), ADV (166; 1% instances), PROPN (128; 1% instances), DET (108; 0% instances), ADP (73; 0% instances), NUM (48; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances)

20718 (87%) PRON nodes are leaves.

2043 (9%) PRON nodes have one child.

625 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

474 (2%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 11.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 28 different relations: case (1790; 33% instances), acl:relcl (843; 16% instances), punct (584; 11% instances), cop (268; 5% instances), det (244; 5% instances), nmod (226; 4% instances), advmod (219; 4% instances), acl (190; 4% instances), cc (185; 3% instances), conj (160; 3% instances), nsubj (160; 3% instances), appos (134; 3% instances), expl (93; 2% instances), mark (86; 2% instances), neg (44; 1% instances), advcl (24; 0% instances), aux (21; 0% instances), amod (19; 0% instances), parataxis (18; 0% instances), discourse (10; 0% instances), xcomp (9; 0% instances), csubj (4; 0% instances), goeswith (4; 0% instances), remnant (4; 0% instances), name (3; 0% instances), dobj (2; 0% instances), ccomp (1; 0% instances), nummod (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: ADP (1852; 35% instances), VERB (1159; 22% instances), PUNCT (584; 11% instances), NOUN (455; 9% instances), PRON (263; 5% instances), DET (258; 5% instances), ADV (245; 5% instances), ADJ (189; 4% instances), CONJ (186; 3% instances), PROPN (75; 1% instances), SCONJ (29; 1% instances), AUX (21; 0% instances), PART (12; 0% instances), INTJ (10; 0% instances), NUM (7; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)