AUX
: auxiliary verb
Definition
An auxiliary verb is a verb that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, and voice.
Auxiliaries in Norwegian include temporal, passive and modal auxiliaries (see below). Note that some modals can occur without a main verb (skal hjem lit. shall home “will go home”) and will then be annotated as VERB
.
Examples
- temporal: ha “have” (har spist “has eaten”), være “be” (er kommet “has come”)
- passive: bli “become” (blir spist “is eaten”)
- modal: kunne “can”, skulle “should”, ville “will”, måtte “must”, burde “should” (kan/skal/vil/må/bør spise “can/should/will/must/should eat”)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Norwegian)
There are 10 AUX
lemmas (0%), 34 AUX
types (0%) and 9964 AUX
tokens (3%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of AUX
is: 16 in number of lemmas, 12 in number of types and 11 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent AUX
lemmas: ha, kunne, ville, skulle, bli, være, måtte, få, burde, tørre
The 10 most frequent AUX
types: har, kan, vil, skal, er, ble, må, hadde, kunne, skulle
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ha (AUX 2853, VERB 1796, X 2), kunne (AUX 1500, VERB 45), ville (AUX 1305, VERB 77), skulle (AUX 1139, VERB 55, PROPN 1), bli (AUX 1106, VERB 1042), være (VERB 7983, AUX 884, ADJ 1), måtte (AUX 699, VERB 28), få (VERB 949, AUX 250, ADJ 98), burde (AUX 222, VERB 5), tørre (VERB 19, AUX 6)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: har (AUX 2219, VERB 1104, X 1), kan (AUX 1163, VERB 38, X 4), vil (AUX 1024, VERB 66), skal (AUX 830, VERB 44), er (VERB 5299, AUX 691, X 4, DET 2), ble (AUX 578, VERB 264), må (AUX 556, VERB 20), hadde (AUX 370, VERB 236), kunne (AUX 300, VERB 5), skulle (AUX 269, VERB 9)
- har
- AUX 2219: Dette uaktet at også han selv har underskrevet dommen .
- VERB 1104: Meddommerens utspill har en selvfølgelig smitteeffekt .
- X 1: « Det var ein del yngre som ikkje røysta ved førre val , og eg har snakka med ungdommar som seier det kjennest for høgtidelig å gå inn i ein kommunestyresal eller ein bystyresal .
- kan
- vil
- skal
- er
- ble
- må
- hadde
- kunne
- skulle
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of AUX
is 3.400000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.382778).
The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “bli”: bilr, ble, bli, blir, blitt.
The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “være”: er, var, vær, være, vært.
The 3rd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “få”: fikk, få, får, fått.
AUX
occurs with 3 features: VerbForm (9964; 100% instances), Mood (9153; 92% instances), Tense (9151; 92% instances)
AUX
occurs with 7 feature-value pairs: Mood=Imp
, Mood=Ind
, Tense=Past
, Tense=Pres
, VerbForm=Fin
, VerbForm=Inf
, VerbForm=Part
AUX
occurs with 5 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
(7088 tokens).
Examples: har, kan, vil, skal, er, må, blir, bør, får, tør
Relations
AUX
nodes are attached to their parents using 2 different relations: aux (8858; 89% instances), auxpass (1106; 11% instances)
Parents of AUX
nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (9249; 93% instances), ADJ (361; 4% instances), NOUN (252; 3% instances), ADP (32; 0% instances), ADV (29; 0% instances), PRON (21; 0% instances), PROPN (10; 0% instances), DET (8; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances)
9954 (100%) AUX
nodes are leaves.
2 (0%) AUX
nodes have one child.
5 (0%) AUX
nodes have two children.
3 (0%) AUX
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a AUX
node is 5.
Children of AUX
nodes are attached using 6 different relations: conj (11; 46% instances), cc (5; 21% instances), punct (5; 21% instances), neg (1; 4% instances), nsubj (1; 4% instances), remnant (1; 4% instances)
Children of AUX
nodes belong to 5 different parts of speech: VERB (11; 46% instances), CONJ (5; 21% instances), PUNCT (5; 21% instances), NOUN (2; 8% instances), ADV (1; 4% instances)
AUX in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]