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fixed: fixed multiword expression

The fixed relation is one of the three flat relations for multiword expressions (MWEs) (the other two being flat and compound). It is used for certain fixed grammaticized expressions that behave like function words or short adverbials. Fixed MWEs are annotated in a flat structure, where all subsequent words in the expression are attached to the first one using the fixed label. The assumption is that these expressions do not have any internal syntactic structure (except from a historical perspective) and that the structural annotation is in principle arbitrary.

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В отличие от тебя , мне нечего стыдиться . \n In contrast to you , I-have nothing to-be-ashamed .
fixed(В, отличие)
fixed(В, от)
case(тебя, В)
fixed(In, contrast)
fixed(In, to)
case(you, In)
{
    "text": "В отличие от тебя , мне нечего стыдиться . \n In contrast to you , I-have nothing to-be-ashamed . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 2, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 20, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 24, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 31, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 45, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 48, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 57, 59 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 60, 63 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 64, 65 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T16", "token", [ [ 66, 72 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T17", "token", [ [ 73, 80 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T18", "token", [ [ 81, 94 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T19", "token", [ [ 95, 96 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T11" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T12" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R5", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T11" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T13" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R6", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T14" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T11" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Multi-word prepositions usually form a contiguous span of the sentence. In exceptional cases however, they can be interrupted by emphasizers and other words:

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по сравнению же с долгом \n in comparison , namely , to loans
fixed(по, сравнению)
fixed(in, comparison)
fixed(по, с)
fixed(in, to)
case(долгом, по)
case(loans, in)
advmod(долгом, же)
advmod(loans, namely)
{
    "text": "по сравнению же с долгом \n in comparison , namely , to loans ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 43, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 50, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 52, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 55, 60 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T12" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R5", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R6", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T13" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R7", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R8", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T13" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

Another type of interruption is caused by a possessive determiner or adjective. In this case, the annotations of the multiword preposition with a regular genitive and with a possessive element are not parallel:

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input
    
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info
  
за счет чего \n by means of-which
fixed(за, счет)
fixed(by, means)
nmod(за, чего)
nmod(by, of-which)
{
    "text": "за счет чего \n by means of-which ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 15, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 18, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 24, 32 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R3", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R4", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
за чей счет \n by whose means
fixed(за, счет)
fixed(by, means)
det(счет, чей)
det(means, whose)
{
    "text": "за чей счет \n by whose means ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 14, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 17, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 23, 28 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R3", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R4", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

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fixed in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [eu] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gsw] [hy] [id] [it] [ja] [ka] [ky] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [u] [xcl]

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