fixed:
The fixed relation is mainly used for denominal prepositions. Similar to German, where denominal adpositions govern the genitive case, Middle Persian denominal prepositions require an ezāfe particle as if the complement noun was a nominal modifier, i.e. the original construction is preserved with a new reading.
- “amid the crowd” (constructed example)
mayān ī grōh \n middle EZ crowd case(grōh, mayān) fixed(mayān, ī)mayān grōh \n middle crowd case(grōh, mayān) - “in the middle of the crowd” (constructed example)
pad mayān ī grōh \n in middle EZ crowd case(mayān, pad) det(grōh, ī) nmod(mayān, grōh)
The fixed relation is also employed when two words appear instead of one. In the following example, it would have sufficed to use ka ‘when, if’ but the scribe wrote kū ka as if kū is a general subordinator and ka specifies the semantic relation.
- “The body of humans feels such pain from being torn apart when the soul is residing in the body.”
tan ī mardōmān az darrišn dard ōwōn mārēd kū ka ruwān hamkadag ī tan \n body EZ humans from tearing pain such perceives that when soul inherent EZ body fixed(kū, ka) mark(hamkadag, kū)
Avestan quotations in Middle Persian are annotated as flat when they represent a more or less accidental sequence of Avestan words, e.g., referring to a specific text passage. If they represent a fixed expression, the relation is fixed.
- “The reservations is thus required that (one) knows that a dog has not seen the corpse, and that the size of the corpse is at least nōit̰ maxši.bərətō.”
(A corpse has to be ritually treated, which includes its presentation to a dog, who scares away the demon of death. The expression nōit̰ maxši.bərətō lit. ‘not carried by a fly’ is a technical term for the smallest unit relevant for a purification ritual of dead matter.)handāzīh ōh abāyēd kū dānēnd kū sag nē dīd nasā paymānag hambuniz , nōit̰ maxšibərətō , \n restriction thus is_necessary that know.3PL that dog not saw corpse measure definitely , nōit̰ maxšibərətō , nsubj(nōit̰, paymānag) nmod(paymānag, nasā) advmod(nōit̰, hambuniz) punct(nōit̰, ,-13) punct(nōit̰, ,-16) fixed(nōit̰, maxšibərətō)
fixed in other languages: [axm] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [eu] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gsw] [hbo] [hy] [id] [it] [ja] [ka] [ky] [lt] [naq] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [ruc] [sl] [sv] [tr] [u] [xcl]