appos:
Appositional modifiers are co-referential nouns or proper nouns, i.e. the appositional modifier and its head refer to the same referent so that either of them could represent the referent on its own.
Middle Persian does not make use of punctuation marks so that flat relations cannot always be clearly distinguished from appositional relations. If the attribute linking ezāfe particle is present, it is definitely an appositional relation as the second element is clearly marked as dependent.
- “Ohrmazd, the Lord”
ohrmazd ī xwadāy \n Ohrmazd EZ lord det(xwadāy, ī) appos(ohrmazd, xwadāy) - “Wištāsp, King of Kings”
wištāsp šāhān šāh \n Wištāsp king.PL king nmod(šāh, šāhān) appos(wištāsp, šāh) - “For what have we humans been put into the world?”
amāh mardōm bē ō gētī čē rāy dād ēstēd \n we human forth to world what for put.PP stands nsubj:pass(dād, amāh) appos(amāh, mardōm) - “in the summer month, that is month Frawardīn, day Ohrmazd, the beginning of summer” (NB: that is the first day of the first month = 22 March)
pad ān ī hamīn māh ast māh frawardīn rōz ī ohrmazd bun ī hamīn \n at that EZ summer month is month Frawardīn day EZ Ohrmazd beginning EZ summer appos(māh-7, frawardīn) conj(māh7, rōz) appos(rōz, ohrmazd) det(ohrmazd, ī-10) appos(māh-7, bun) det(hamīn-14, ī-13) nmod(bun, hamīn-14)
If a Middle Persian word explains an Avestan phrase or is inserted into a Middle Persian translation as additional information, it is annotated as appos.
- “I keep bestowing upon you, who are the Amahraspands, liturgies (publicly) and acts of veneration (Ustōfrīt-offerings).”
frāz ašmāh rādēnam kē amahraspand =ēd yazišn āšnāg niyāyišn ustōfrīt \n forth you.PL bestow.1SG REL Amahraspand are.2PL liturgy public veneration Ustōfrīt advmod(rādēnam, frāz) iobj(rādēnam, ašmāh) obj(rādēnam, yazišn) mark(amahraspand, kē) acl:relcl(ašmāh, amahraspand) cop(amahraspand, =ēd) appos(yazišn, āšnāg) conj(yazišn, niyāyišn) appos(niyāyišn, ustōfrīt) - “And he is producing Fšūš for us (good things).”
u =mān fšūš kirdār nēkīh \n and us Fšūš making goodness cc(kirdār, u) obl(kirdār, =mān) obj(kirdār, fšūš) appos(fšūš, nēkīh)
appos in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ka] [kk] [lt] [naq] [no] [oge] [pal] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [tt] [u] [urj] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]